Gazovaya promyshlennost’№ 07 2020

» Prospects of domestic gas market development in the Russian Federation

Russia is the leading world exporter of natural gas and one of its major consumers. In 2019, the domestic sales reached almost 500 billion m3, and the exports near and far abroad were about 200 billion m3. Despite the expected decline in energy resources consumption in the second half of 2020, the Russian Federation maintains the potential for growth. Domestic market expansion is only getting more critical under the price parity. The consumption growth can be achieved by building a more efficient novel load for existing distribution grid infrastructure, as well as the development of the domestic liquefied natural gas market. The article provides the evaluation results for the production and consumption prospects of liquefied natural gas in Russia. It also considers the economic aspects of natural gas liquefaction at conventional plants, compressed natural gas fueling stations, gas distribution stations, nitrogen plants, electric and heat power plants. The uses of natural gas outlined in the paper along with gasification include the road transport sector (given the growth potential of gas consumption by power plants due to the development of public electric transport), rail and river transport. The existing and prospective projects are described that would enable a considerable increase in the domestic consumption of natural gas. Economic and regulatory support measures are suggested for the development of gas supply in Russian regions, including funding mechanisms for the implementation of the projects.

Keywords: GASIFICATION, NATURAL GAS, LNG, CNG, GAS SUPPLY, TRANSPORT, MOTOR FUEL.

» Methodological support of monitoring the quality attributes of gas transported via main gas pipelines

The paper addresses the current state of the methodological basis for monitoring the quality of natural gas transported via the main gas pipelines of PJSC Gazprom. It also shows the methods for determination of composition (components and impurities) and the main physical and chemical properties of natural gas, along with the advantages and disadvantages of those methods. The promising developments and techniques are presented, aimed to eliminate the biasing effects on measurement results, improve the comprehensiveness of the study, and the efficiency and reliability of analyses. The article is mainly dedicated to describing and improving chromatography methodologies. A new research scheme is proposed for extended gas composition, and its metrological advantages are shown. The scheme uses a wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) capillary column and applies the principle of single hydrocarbon series. It is clearly illustrated that mono-, di-, and triethylene glycol impurities in water extracts can be determined simultaneously using the WCOT columns with the apolar stationary phase. A reference is given to the original chromatographic determination of methanol traces, which is not affected by water-soluble matrices. Special attention is paid to the elimination of methanol effect that introduces an error to gas humidity readings of condensation and capacitive meters. Abroad, this problem is being resolved by adding a correction to the water dew point, which requires determination of methanol content. The article describes the original approach that allows obtaining reliable results with no pre-analyses. Besides, the study addresses the issues of measuring the hydrocarbon dew point, organic sulfur concentration (hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans), and mercury and mechanical impurities’ contents.

Keywords: NATURAL GAS, MAIN GAS PIPELINES, MONITORING, QUALITY ATTRIBUTES, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, METHANOL, GAS HUMIDITY, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, GLYCOLS.

» Design of corporate quality management system: Building principles for industrial holdings

The paper provides the results of the research on the effect of the organizational management system on the selection of governance model for quality management systems in holding companies. It also analyzes the existing process models of quality management systems in holding organizations. The principles are considered for building corporate process models in Russia and abroad, as well as the applied certification options for quality management systems in holding organizations for different governance models. We have explored the ways to implement the additional requirements of certification authorities for corporate management systems. Special attention is given to the effect of the organization environment on the determination of approaches to process model governance; dependence of process list of quality management system on governance level; authority for process planning, key performance indicators control, and process mapping. The study used analytic techniques based on the papers [1–9] of leading experts in quality, economy, management, as well as knowledge and experience exchange with industrial facilities' representatives in charge of determination and implementation of quality management strategy. The most significant result of the study is the methodology for establishing the best option for a unified corporate process model of a quality management system. The methodology is applicable for those organizations with companies based in different jurisdictions to ensure optimal and flexible governance systems considering the effects of changes in the organization environment. One of the advantages of the suggested approach is that a holding organization can support a general certificate according to the quality management standard and present itself as a unified supplier on the consumer market.

Keywords: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, GOVERNANCE LEVELS, HOLDING, PROCESS MODEL, CERTIFICATION, QUALITY.

» New vessels to support the operation of PJSC Gazprom offshore fields on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation

» The practice of using anticorrosive coatings to protect the inner surfaces of equipment at Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant, branch of Gazprom pererabotka LLC

» Resource-saving natural gas conversion reactor for hydrogen production

Currently, there is a problem of hydrogen deficiency for process needs during the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon mixtures in oil refineries. Hydrotreating operation affects the quality of the fuel, as a result, many impurities from various oil products are removed. Hydrogen is a particularly important component in the hydrotreatment process. Modern industrial methods for producing hydrogen most often use natural gas, crude oil or coal as raw materials and are based on the process of steam reforming or partial oxidation. Such methods for producing hydrogen are costly and inevitably lead to significant emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide. Alternative methods for producing hydrogen are not widely used, therefore, the research for technical and process solutions in the field of stable hydrogen supply for oil refineries is an urgent task. For stable operation of equipment with minimal losses of natural gas and the cost of its conversion, it is necessary to obtain an additional source of hydrogen, which requires the research for rational solutions based on the construction of mathematical models. A mathematical model of the developed conversion reactor with a special mixer of methane with air is proposed. The original solution of the model is that an additional stream of natural gas, which has undergone preliminary desulfurization before reaching a methane content of 11–14 vol.%, is additionally sent to the synthesis gas supply pipeline from the primary conversion. The simulation results of the processes occurring in the homogeneous zone of the mixer in the catalyst bed of the upgraded shaft reactor have shown that the implementation of the process using natural gas as a source of thermal energy increases the level of resource saving while increasing the production output of technical hydrogen for the process needs of oil refineries.

Keywords: STEAM CONVERSION, METHANE, GASIFICATION, HYDROGEN, MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION, PROCESSING.

» Simulation of resource-saving steam-oxygen natural gas conversion in two-stage production of recycle gas

» Method for gas leakage detection in underground main gas pipelines

» The peculiarity of moisture content calculation for high-temperature flows exemplified by saturated reactivation gas for adsorptive gas dehydration unit

The moisture content in gas plays a fundamental role in determining the process parameters and methanol rate setting to prevent gas hydrate formation. Known calculation techniques allow determining the moisture content at 100 % relative humidity, so the moisture content calculated this way increases as the temperature rises, which leads to considerable overestimation at process temperatures. The error may happen because, in real processes, the moisture content can remain constant with temperature increase due to the lack of sufficient water to saturate the gas. One such example is the reactivation gas for extracting water and heavy hydrocarbons from adsorbent in deep dehydration units. The reactivation cycle is a high-temperature process (260–280 °С). The paper provides the calculated moisture contents in high-temperature reactivation gas. The comparative analysis of experimental and calculated moisture contents in saturated reactivation gas shows that conventional techniques that evaluate moisture content as a function of temperature are not reliable. The article gives an algorithm developed by the authors, which allows more accurate determination of moisture content in saturated reactivation gas for typical adsorptive gas dehydration units.

Keywords: MOISTURE CONTENT, NATURAL GAS, ADSORPTIVE DEHYDRATION, ADSORBENT REACTIVATION, SATURATED REACTIVATION GAS, BUKACEK FORMULA.

» Improving process equipment and product treatment configuration at Achimov deposits of Urengoyskoye oil, gas, and condensate field

» Development of specialized software for Russian oil and gas industry

» Using permafrost-buried tanks for drilling cuttings during the gas well construction in the Russian Arctic exemplified by Kharasaveyskoye field

» Development and operational experience of a multi-functional DC system of gas distribution station

The article considers the main results of the development and operation of the multi-functional direct current system of gas distribution station with lithium-ion power storage function. It also provides the critical characteristics for the power supply facility, configuration of the prototype DC system and structural diagram of the power supply with energy storage system at the gas distribution station of Krasnogorsk Line Production Department of Main Gas Pipelines [Krasnogorskoe linejnoe proizvodstvennoe upravlenie magistral'nyh gazoprovodov] of Gazprom transgaz Yekaterinburg LLC in the city of Miass, Russia. The description is given for key figures for the DC system as a whole, as well as its main elements, including a lithium-ion storage battery, voltage converter, and converter and solar modules. We have estimated the average savings of energy consumed from the grid by the gas distribution station. The options are presented for design provision using the DC system with power storage function given typical daily winter and summer load schedules, as well as annual energy consumption of the gas distribution station. The results of the pilot and controlled operation of a multi-functional DC system were analyzed. It is shown that the maximum and minimum power storage voltages and storage battery voltages were within the set limits. Power consumption schedules for a gas distribution station and an operator's home from the grid have shown a 15 % reduction during pilot operation in October and November 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. In spring 2019, the consumption from the grid significantly decreased.

Keywords: DC SYSTEM, ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, GAS DISTRIBUTION STATION, PILOT OPERATION, CONTROLLED OPERATION, ENERGY SAVING, RENEWABLES.

Gazovaya promyshlennost’ № 07 2020

Read in this issue:

Gas distribution and gas supply

Метрология

Organization of production and management

SHELF DEVELOPMENT

Gas and gas condensate processing

Repair and diagnostics of main pipelines, compressor plants and pumping stations

Gas and gas condensate transportation

DIGITALIZATION

Ecology

POWER SUPPLY SERVICE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY