Gazovaya promyshlennost’ № 12 2016

The article defines the term SDN and provides a brief review of the technology and its area of application, presents examples of the main architectural approach to the implementation of SDN. The current state of the technology and market offers, efficiency of the implementation of a new technology, of solving the problems of traditional networks, are discussed. Examples of the implementation of SND in the telecommunications global market are also presented.

This article provides insight into an integrated approach to managing a deposit and shows practical examples of the use of integrated models both for the design of deposits at an early development stage and for monitoring deposits during their operation.

Разработка газоконденсатных месторождений на режиме естественного истощения сопровождается сложными ретроградными процессами, происходящими в пласте при снижении пластового давления. Наиболее изученными являются фазовые превращения углеводородных систем в области ретроградной конденсации. В то же время для месторождений на поздней стадии разработки, характеризующейся проявлением процесса ретроградного испарения, изучение фазового поведения становится актуальным с точки зрения понимания физических процессов, протекающих в пласте, и обоснованного подхода к решению задач учета и прогноза добычи углеводородов (УВ). В связи с этим представляет интерес разработка подхода диагностирования фазового поведения пластовых газоконденсатных систем в области низких пластовых давлений. В работе, согласно существующим представлениям о разработке газоконденсатных месторождений, а также данным, полученным с использованием адаптированной pVT-модели, были изучены особенности фазового поведения газоконденсатных систем при давлениях ниже давления максимальной конденсации: – предельная насыщенность добываемого пластового газа; – отсутствие выпадения конденсата из пластового газа в области давлений ниже давления максимальной конденсации в процессе снижения давления при пластовой температуре. Данные особенности позволили разработать экспериментальный подход с применением pVT-установок, позволяющий определить текущее фазовое состояние добываемого пластового газа и уточнить содержание в нем УВ С5+. Суть разработанного подхода заключается в моделировании фазового поведения УВ-систем с конденсатогазовым фактором, близким к измеренному в ходе промысловых газоконденсатных исследований, при различных температурах методом контактной конденсации с последующей комплексной интерпретацией полученных результатов. Разработанный подход был апробирован для месторождения Тимано-Печорской нефтегазоносной провинции. По результатам апробации было установлено развитие процесса прямого испарения на рассматриваемом месторождении и уточнено текущее содержание УВ С5+. На основе положительного опыта практического применения предложенного подхода рекомендуется его внедрение для эффективного контроля за газоконденсатной характеристикой месторождений на поздней стадии разработки.

Current Russian economic environment and features of license distribution on the arctic shelf, which is the one of production growing sources of hydrocarbons in future, make some problems for companies working on the arctic shelf. Problems consist of bad study of license areas, lack of technologies (and besides not only domestic) and financial resources for development of license areas majority also because of anti-Russian sanctions. Speed and range of purchasing licenses for fields’ development by Rosneft and Gazprom and related increased geological exploration in the last three years before sanctions implementation (before 2014) discovers differences between strategies of these companies, which make impact of sanctions different for both of majors. If the companies fulfil the initial geological exploration commitments it could make the giant step in the arctic shelf development. However, sanctions and oil prices decrease, which also happened in 2014, endangered the obligated work program. So then were the following adjustment of license liabilities for fields’ users. The companies under the current license distribution because of some reasons could not fulfil commitments.

One of the main harmful factors affecting personnel of drilling enterprises is noise. A high-intensity noise has a specific impact upon a human body such as: during the labor period of personnel, minor and moderate occupational diseases resulting in occupational incapacity are developed, chronic pathologies increase. Noise studies showed that the use of drilling units is responsible for unacceptable occupational risks. To increase the operational safety of personnel, it is necessary (at the stage of project design) to develop measures to decrease noise. To solve the matter on the expediency of implementing such measures, it is necessary to perform an acoustic examination. The author examined 9 drilling units of two standard models and established patters of noise generation and distribution. The problem of protecting personnel from noise emitted from drilling units is a complex task from engineering and organizational points of view, therefore it should be solved by taking a set of measures with due regard for engineering capabilities and expenses on its decrease. Modern acoustics has several ways to solve this problem: decreasing noise in the source, reasonable planning of enterprises and production facilities, as well as the use of noise enclosure materials that decrease the noise density in identified sources. The article proves that the use of the said recommendations on decreasing noise decreases occupational risks at drilling units to the acceptable level.

The article describes practical experience of performing expert appraisals of industrial safety (EAIS) of Gazprom, PJSC’s hydrocarbon transport facilities. Diagnostics and timely elimination of unacceptable defects are specified among the factors that can increase industrial safety. A transition from EAIS of separate industrial facilities to EAIS of technological complexes is substantiated.

The article studies the matters on screening the flow of bottom waters and their impact upon the operating condition of a single producing well and upon recovery facilities and UGSF in general.

To solve the problem of reliable and flexible export of Russia gas in the modern conditions, it is required to have UGFS near the consumer. Gazprom, PJSC mainly used to rent the required volumes. In the last years, a decision was adopted to create its own capacities which is an important element in the natural gas supply system to the foreign consumer. The article highlights the main research and production tasks that appear as a result of creating and operating a UGFS system abroad.

It is well known that the foundation for the safety level of complex engineering systems is laid at the initial stage of their life cycle, i.e. during design. Errors made at this stage can during operation lead not only to significant material expenses incurred by the operating organization, but to fatalities as well. Nevertheless, the existing design rules, the majority of which are based upon the approaches dating back to the middle of the previous century, sometimes cannot provide for the required safety level at modern high-technology facilities even if all their requirements are fulfilled. To provide for a higher safety level at such facilities, apart from the planned development of Gazprom, PJSC’s legal framework, an obligatory procedure was established for an additional expert appraisal of design solutions with respect to the provision of static and dynamical strength. This article presents the results of the analysis of peculiarities of the design of process pipe manifolds of adsorption lines of the fuel gas system station (FGSS) – compressor station Portovaya identified during its operation in 2014–2015.

In 2014–2015 gas prices in European markers decreased by almost 1.5 (from 350–360 to 230–250 USD for 1,000 m3), and in Asian markets – by 1.8 (from 550–560 to 300–310 USD for 1,000 m3). Global market price fluctuations have a significant impact upon the efficiency of Russian gas export and create investment risks for Russian companies. The article estimates the efficiency reserve of gas export in the European and Asian directions. It is shown that Russian companies, despite global market price fluctuations, have an opportunity to increase gas export preferably in the Asian direction.

The problem of increasing the energy efficiency and operational reliability of energy infrastructure of Gazprom Group’s facilities is of comprehensive nature and relates to the necessity to solve a significant number of tasks at all stages of the life cycle of facilities, including innovative technology implementation. To establish approaches and proposals to develop works as part of the specified problem, the article studies the results of developments of the last years performed by the “Gazprom Promgaz”, JSC’s team in the field of the development of engineering energy infrastructure of facilities, cities and populated localities which include Gazprom Group’s facilities in greater volume. Both calculation modules and the electronic analogue are based upon our own or national developments with the use of topographic base, materials of energy support organization, as well as upon open access data. As a result of using the said comprehensive approach we manage to reach a synergetic effect and significantly decrease expenses on the development of energy supply systems, simultaneously increasing their energy efficiency and reliability.

The article studies the matters of using renewable energy sources (RES) for the power supply of facilities of the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia. The topicality of the use of natural energy sources and the creation of autonomous modular packaged power supply plants powered by RES are driven by the necessity to optimize costs on the organization of the power supply of facilities of the Unified Gas Supply System, by the requirements of the laws to energy saving and enhancement of the utilization efficiency of natural resources, and also by the requirements to the import phase-out of products of foreign manufactures with modern power supply plants manufactured in Russia. A review and systematization of the results of multi-year research of the potential of wind and sun energy in the territory of the Russian Federation were performed. Areas of the Russian Federation that are appropriate for the use of RES at facilities of the gas industry were identified. Main criteria for the selection of optimal configuration of power supply plants powered by RES were articulated.