Gazovaya promyshlennost’№ 12 2017

» Development of the Russian gas motor fuel market by attraction of private investments

The article substantiates the urgency of motor vehicle coversion to natural gas fuel, which has a number of competitive advantages over other types of motor fuel. An average retail price of 1 m3 of natural gas at Russian compressed natural gas filling stations is 13.7 roubles. Natural gas is clean motor fuel without impurities and additive components, therefore the toxic emission into the environment will be reduced by 10 times, and the engine lifetime will be extended by 1.5–2.0 times. Natural gas meets the highest ecological standard Euro-6. This is especially important in reducing the negative environmental impact of motor vehicles. The authors analyze the main instruments of the development of the Russian natural gas vehicle fuel market, including the expansion of the gas filling infrastructure through private financing. The approaches of attraction of private investments are described. The mechanics of one of the business models of interaction with private investors is considered. It is the key ready construction of the compressed natural gas filling stations for Gazprom gazomotornoe toplivo LLC with the predetermined price and in the specified time period under company control. The method of financial and economic modeling, taking into account the forecasted volume of sales of natural gas and needs of key customers, is used during determination of the project cost. The marginal cost of automobile compressed natural gas filling stations is formed on this basis. The importance of the proposed business model is considered both in the interests of the individual company (Gazprom gazomotornoe toplivo LLC will obtain the ready for operation object without any construction risks), and at the federal scale, since the mechanism contributes to the development of Russian medium business, job creation and, as a result, the growth of the Russian economy.

Keywords: natural gas vehicle FUEL, natural gas vehicle fuel TRANSPORT, COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS, COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS FILLING STATION, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, FRANCHISE.

Open PDF

» Standardizing of vibration of reducing lines of gas distribution stations

The article considers the questions of standardizing the vibration of industrial pipelines of gas distribution stations, firstly the reducing lines, of Gazprom PJSC. The results of field studies of the vibration of the reducing lines are given. Based on these results, the estimation of applicability of the vibration standards according to the STO Gazprom RD 1.10-098-2004 operating in Gazprom PJSC is given. It is shown that the application of these norms for estimation of the vibration of pipelines with a certain type of reducing valves can lead either to the overlook of defects or to false conclusions about the presence of defects and the need of repair or structural changes of pipelines. The comparison of these norms with the norms of the STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009 for industrial pipelines of compressor stations with centrifugal superchargers is performed. According to practice, the standards of the STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009 plausibly characterize the vibrational state of the examined pipelines. Following the example of the methodology represented in the STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009, the division of vibration of the reducing lines into the low-frequency vibration (for bending vibrations) and the high-frequency one (for vibration of pipe as a shell structure) is proposed on the basis of consideration of physical processes of pipeline vibrations. The proposed vibration norms, in authors’ opinion, allow estimating the vibration state of the reducing lines of gas distribution stations more adequately. These standards were adopted in 2017 by Gazprom transgaz Moscow LLC for industrial approbation.

Keywords: VIBRATION, GAS SURGE, REDUCTION, VALVE, VIBRATION SPEED, FREQUENCY, AMPLITUDE, MEAN SQUARE VALUE.

Open PDF

» The efficiency analysis of summer shutdowns of the production fields at the Cenomanian deposit of the Yamburgskoe oil and gas condensate field for optimization of the final stage development

The Cenomanian deposit of the Yamburgskoe oil and gas condensate field is in the stage of declining production now. The production fields of the major deposit are shut down for a long time due to the considerable reduce of the reservoir pressure and the seasonal decline of gas production in the summer period. This practice was not applied at the large-scale fields in the north of Western Siberia before. Operational shutdowns of the gas treatment units last 1-2 weeks, whereas the summer shutdowns of these units can exceed 3 months at the main area of the Yamburgskoe field. The following tasks are solved during the long shutdowns of the gas treatment units: the planned repair of field equipment and the ensuring the peak gas production in the autumn and winter period. The life of producing wells is also extended due to the reservoir pressure increase in the production zone of the field. However, the level of current accumulated gas production is decreased because of long shutdowns of complex gas treatment units. Moreover, the pressure differential between gas-saturated and water-saturated zones of the field results in active intrusion of water in the deposit that can lead to drowning. The monitoring program of the reservoir pressure in the wells of shutdown gas treatment units at the Yamburgskoe oil and gas condensate field is applied to estimate the influence of long shutdowns on the further development of the field. The monitoring of the reservoir pressure and the research of present position of the gas-water contact are carried out throughout the program.

Keywords: CENOMANIAN DEPOSIT, PRODUCTION FIELD LONG SHUTDOWN, COMPLEX GAS TREATMENT UNIT, YAMBURGSKOE OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELD.

Open PDF

» Features of accounting of the C5+h hydrocarbons in the extracted formation fluid of the Orenburgskoe oil and gas condensate field

The forecast of production of stable gas condensate (pentanes plus high-boiling hydrocarbons – C5+h) is based on the field and laboratory studies of the gas and condensate content of the reservoir, according to the regulatory documentation for design of development of the gas and oil-and-gas condensate fields. The field research includes the determination of technological parameters, the measurement of the produced feed amount, and the selection of surface samples. Laboratory studies include the research of the component composition and physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon mixtures. The most important parameters characterizing the condensate recovery degree are the potential content of the C5+h hydrocarbons in the gas phase of the formation fluid and its dynamics during the formation pressure decrease. This dynamics is determined either by thermodynamic research of the phase state (research of formation fluids at the high-pressure unit) or by calculation with using the real gas state equations. The properties dynamics data on the formation fluids of reservoir gas should be taken into account when forecasting the volumes of condensate production. However, in real conditions of field development, the production of condensate is determined not only by phase transitions caused by the formation pressure reduction, but also by many other factors related both to the features of the reservoir system (in particular, to the residual oil saturation or the oil rim presence) and to the processing of extracted production in the field. The article contains a list of factors making the influence on the gas condensate characteristics and accounting of the C5+h hydrocarbons in the extracted mixture of the main reservoir of the Orenburgskoe oil and gas condensate field. Recommendations for quick and sufficiently representative determination of the chemical composition and properties of extracted raw product for both current and long-term production planning and target product development, and also for write-off of reserves are given.

Keywords: ORENBURGSKOE OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELD, MAIN DEPOSIT, PRODUCED FORMATION FLUID, GAS CONDENSATE CHARACTERISTICS, POTENTIAL CONTENT OF HYDROCARBONS, PENTANES PLUS HIGH-BOILING HYDROCARBONS GROUP, AFFECTING FACTOR, GAS AND CONDENSATE CONTENT RESEARCH.

Open PDF

» Criteria of stable work of the field gas flowlines with complete liquid carry-over from pipelines

The operation parameters of the surface pipelines in conditions of water production can be calculated with acceptable accuracy by empirical correlations developed for these conditions. The article presents the flowlines hydrodynamic model based on the results of experimental research of liquid-gas flows in the subhorizontal pipes within the physical conditions reproducing the field conditions of the late stage of reservoir development. Some conclusions received by application of this model for pipelines with different configurations are also given in the paper. The flow regime can spontaneously change from stratified flow to frothed one when pressure decreases in some elements of the field pipelines. This phenomenon leads to growth of the liquid volumetric content and to heavy increase of the pressure loss. Correct prediction of the pipelines operation is connected with adequate selection of the problem areas, that are the most sensitive to decrease of pressure and gas rate during the late stage of the field systems operation. The correct calculation of conditions of the hydrodynamic regime changes in these systems and the right estimation of the pressure loss value, increasing after the regime change, are also necessary. A series of tests was carried out at the stand of Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC for creation of the simulation model that allows to solve these tasks. The model developed on the basis of the test results allows calculating the hydrodynamic performance of the relief pipeline, transporting the liquid-gas mixture, in the form of dependence of the pressure loss from the gas flowrate, liquid flow, and pressure, and also from diameter, lengths and slope angles of pipeline.

Keywords: FIELD GAS FLOWLINE, LATE OPERATION STAGE, EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, LIQUID-GAS FLOW, FLOW REGIME, LIQUID PLUG, HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL.

Open PDF

» Development and exploitation of industrial production of casing from steel 13Cr with threaded joints of the premium class for offshore fields of Gazprom PJSC

The article considers the intermediate results of realization of the import substitution program of pipe production in accordance with the future contract for serial manufacturing and delivery, and also for technical, repair and service maintenance of import-substituting products under guaranteed volumes of deliveries of future years between TMK PJSC and Gazprom PJSC. The contract extends to the development of a serial technology for production of tubing string and casing pipes from steel 13Cr with threaded joints of the premium class for the Sakhalin-3 project, which includes the Kirinskoye and Yuzhno-Kirinskoye fields. The article describes technical solutions for the production of pipes of martensitic steels containing 13 % of chromium, the technological process of the pipes production at the Volzhsky Pipe Plant is presented. Experience of development of domestic gas-proof threaded joints for oil pipes was analyzed, their distinctive features and test methods were specified in accordance with ISO 13679. The need of the modernization of the cutting pipes production capacities for premium joints, that are different significantly from standard ones, is noted. In particular, according to the contract, the equipment for the pipe ends calibration testing was installed in order to obtain a guaranteed pipe wall thickness at the stop face area. Application of this equipment has significantly increased the productivity of cutting lines and the quantity of output from the first pass yield as a result of reducing the coefficient of materials consumption. A new joints control system was developed in substitution the calibers used for standardized threaded joints. This system allows obtaining the actual thread sizes and the metal-to-metal seals and to make updating of the threading machine control programs.

Keywords: CASING PIPE, TUBING STRING, PIPE FROM STEEL 13Cr, CARBON DIOXIDE CORROSION, GAS-PROOF THREADED JOINT, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION.

Open PDF

» To the question of testing of the pump-compressor pipes samples made of high-alloy steels and the Cr-Ni-Mo alloys on the pitting corrosion

Application of pump-compressor pipes made of high-alloy steels (Cr13) and Cr-Ni-Mo alloys can increase the performance reliability of producing wells. However, selection of pipes for the specified fields requires the additional autoclave tests on pitting resistance, because there is no single point of view on the process of origin, growth and repassivation of pitting. The main problems in testing the pipes on resistance to pitting corrosion are the sample surface preparation and the test duration. The article provides suggestions for the sample surface preparation. The pipes are provided for the arrangement of gas condensate fields with reservoir fluid containing H2S and СО2. The results of sample testing for pipes proposed to use at the gas condensate fields with the most aggressive corrosive environment are shown by the authors on the example of the Astrakhan gas condensate field. That article also presents the results of autoclave tests of Cr13 steel samples, which were carried out at a temperature of 150 ºC. The performed studies have shown that defects on the surface of the pipe samples made of high-alloy steels and alloys of Cr-Ni-Mo and Cr13 types are not the points of the predominant origin of the corrosion damage. The metallographic studies of samples with surface prepared accordingly to abovementioned suggestions allow evaluating the influence of alloying elements on the pitting corrosion of high-alloy steels and alloys.

Keywords: PITTING CORROSION, GAS CONDENSATE FIELD, PUMP-COMPRESSOR PIPE, PARTIAL PRESSURE.

Open PDF

» Features of technology of overhaul repair of gas pipelines at the present stage

The article analyzes the current state in the field of methods and technology of overhaul repair of gas pipelines. In the second half of the 1970s, the complete replacement of sections with corrosion-hazardous pipes was the only method of repair, taking into account the degree the damage to the pipes of the Bukhara – Ural main gas pipeline (1st and 2nd pipeline strings). At the same time, condition survey of the areas has been arranged for detection the zones with damaged lagging and corrosion centers. Analysis of the state of the main gas pipelines led to the conclusion that there was the unsteadiness in distribution of the accidents and the pipe defects along the gas pipelines. Thus, the complete replacement of the pipeline sections was inefficient. As a result, the Instruction on Selective Overhaul of Gas Pipelines was put into effect, where the fundamentals of management and technology of repair work on gas pipelines were presented on the basis of research data. The works were carried out according to the scheme of parallel pipelaying near the replaced section. This scheme made possible to practically exclude the operational downtime of a section and to prevent decreasing of gas transport volume. In the new edition of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation introduced in 2011, the technology with parallel laying of a new section near the replaced one is interpreted by control tax authorities as a reconstruction. Acceptance of this document has negatively affected on the repair of single lead gas pipelines and gas pipeline branches. During repair of main gas pipelines by the pipe replacement method, the gas transportation companies are forced to laid new pipes in the same trench, where was the damaged pipe. When this happens, the supply of gas to consumers is stopping, sometimes at long period. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the fundamental technological scheme of the gas pipeline overhaul in the trench. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that in the near future it is necessary to revise the STO Gazprom 2-2.3-231-2008 "Planning the Overhaul of the Linear Part of the Main Gas Pipelines" in order to improve the efficiency of repairs.

Keywords: OVERHAUL REPAIR, STRESS-CORROSION DEFECT, CORROSION DEFECT, DIAGNOSTIC WORK.

Open PDF

» Conditions of the carbon dioxide corrosion on the production facilities of Achimovskie deposits, methods of monitoring and forecasting

The article analyzes the conditions of carbon dioxide corrosion at the gas and gas condensate production and treatment facilities at the Achimovskie deposits of the Urengoyskoe oil and gas condensate field. The global experience of extraction and transportation of gas containing СО2 is reviewed. Dependences of the density and solubility of carbon dioxide on the thermobaric parameters of the characteristic sections of the gas collection system are presented. The phase states of the components of the extracted fluid are determined: carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and water under conditions of temperature and pressure change along the flow of the fluid from the bottom of the well to the complex gas treatment unit. The results of hydraulic calculation of pipelines design of the gas gathering system are presented. The methods of corrosion monitoring and forecast used in Gazprom dobycha Urengoy LLC are described, in particular, the results of measurements of corrosion rate by the method of electrical resistance. During the analysis of the measurement results, the dependence of the corrosion rate on the temperature of the produced fluid was obtained. The result of the forecast of the occurrence of corrosion processes in one of the gas gathering headers along the entire length, taking into account the profile of the pipeline is presented.

Keywords: CARBON DIOXIDE CORROSION, CARBON DIOXIDE, ACHIMOVSKIE DEPOSITS, URENGOYSKOE OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELD, PHASE STATE.

Open PDF

» Participation of scientists from the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) in solving the environmental security problems of the industry

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY, INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, CLEAN-UP OF PAST ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE.

Keywords: The article considers the objectives formulated in the “Ecological Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025” and the role of the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) in the system of higher professional ecological education for specialists of the oil and gas industry. The results achived by the faculty and administrative staff of the university in the environmental safety improvement by graduating environmentalists at three educational levels (undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate) are given. Information on the participation of university scientists in organizing the rating events devoted to the most important research areas of environment geology and industrial ecology is presented. Examples of effective solutions to environmental problems in the industry and plans of attack of new problems both in environmental education and research are given. In particular, the university developed the program “Environmental and Industrial Safety of Oil and Gas Production”, based on the “Ecological Security Strategy of the Russian Federation”. The program is devoted to development of the environmental monitoring technology, oriented on the timely detection of environment changes and the management of environmental safety at the industrial undertakings of the fuel and energy complex. The objectives, formulated in the program, are connected with creation of the aerospace, local and associated environmental monitoring complex, and also with development of technology reducing the risk of accidents and injuries. One of the objectives is the manufacturing application of new materials and sorbents for oil skimming and bioremediation of soil and water environments. Moreover, development and implementation of mobile express methods for monitoring of the environment and industrial facilities are among the objectives of the program. The foundation “National Center for Environmental Management and Clean Production for the Oil and Gas Industry” was established on the basis of the university. The foundation provides consulting services for enterprises of the oil and gas complex and participates in the international projects related to the compliance of the Montreal Protocol by Russian chemical undertakings. Famous scientists of the university are the experts in the legislatives and councils for the development of Arctic in the Russian Gas Society.

Open PDF

» Application of the hierarchy analysis method for selection of the electrical supply source for the underwater equipment of natural gas deposits at the Arctic shelf

The processing facilities for offshore oil and gas production are the complex technical systems operating at the considerable distance from the coast in the severe climatic and natural conditions. These objects are often under water at a considerable depth (from tens to several thousand meters). Therefore, these facilities need the reliable power supply. The power supply of equipment of the offshore production complex can be realized from the shore or from the autonomous power supply source located directly at the field. The autonomous sources use for energy supply the prospective oil and natural gas fields located in the seas of the Arctic and Far Eastern shelves of the Russian Federation is the only possibility, since there is no coastal energy infrastructure in these regions. Analysis of possible configurations of the offshore production complex allows distinguishing three main power ranges for the prospective autonomous power supply sources: low power sources (from 10 kW to 2 MW), medium power sources (from 2 to 30 MW), and high power sources (over 30 MW). The choice of the source of autonomous power supply is a complex task with plenty of different selection criteria. These criteria include: reliability, survivability, cost, feasibility, and industrial safety. There is significant number of different qualitative and quantitative methods for solving these selection problems. The hierarchy analysis method is one of the most famous, it allows to structure the complex decision-making problem by understandable and rational manner in the form of hierarchy, and also to compare and quantify the alternative choices. The article presents a hierarchical structure for the implementation of the selection procedure for the priority autonomous power supply source during arrangement of the offshore gas fields. The results of application of the hierarchy analysis method for selection of the priority autonomous power supply source and the analysis of the obtained results are presented.

Keywords: MARINE DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT, FULL UNDERWATER ARRANGEMENT, MIXED UNDERWATER AND ABOVE-WATER ARRANGEMENT, RELIABLE ENERGY SUPPLY, AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SOURCE, HIERARCHY ANALYSIS METHOD.

Open PDF

Gazovaya promyshlennost’ № 12 2017

Read in this issue:

NATURAL GAS VEHICLE FUEL

Gas distribution and gas supply

GAS AND GAS CONDENSATE EXTRACTION

SHELF DEVELOPMENT

Repair and diagnostics of main pipelines, compressor plants and pumping stations

Ecology

POWER SUPPLY SERVICE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY