Gazovaya promyshlennost’ № 7 2017

Advantages of introducing telemetry systems are obvious for both the supplier and consumer of energy resources. The supplier acquires an efficient automated collection of data on energy consumption, which excludes uncountable and free use of energy resources. The use of the ADC (Automated Data Collection) system from energy meters delivers from the necessity to take instrument readings manually, eliminates the irregularity of data collection and optimizes the activity of the company's staff. The supplier receives a tool to draw up reliable energy balances. In addition, the use of the telemetry system provides the supplier with up-to-date data on the consumption of energy resources to use them in billing systems, which leads to accurate payments for consumed energy resources. The use of telemetry systems increases the quality and convenience of using the supplier’s services and improves the subscribers’ awareness. Among the disadvantages there can be noted the high price (about 7,500 rubles) and necessity to change radio transmitters at the end of the service life of their batteries, because the radio transmitter body is integral and the battery cannot be removed.

The article describes the positive experience of application ofthe information and analytical system (IAS) «Energogid» designed to automate energy management functions. This system is usedin the structure of Gazprom dobychaYamburg.The problems of increasing the efficiency of energy consumption with the use of the capabilities of modern automated systems are considered. To improve the quality of decision-making in managing energy consumption, it is proposed to calculate the dynamic, scientifically validated rate of energy consumption in real time and compare it with the actual energy consumption.

While reservoir engineering it is necessary to consider that hydrates could occur on every on the every stage of gas producing, gas conditioning and gas transportation. This problem is very important especially for wells and pipelines of high north foundations. Operation conditions without gas hydrate formation could be provided by different ways. The most common way is injection of the hydrate growth inhibitor to the gas flow. The most useful inhibitors are methanol or hydro-methanol solution. This inhibitor is injected by special devices (systems). The main problem of such systems is addressless inhibitor injection, that’s why inhibitor’s consumption increases and the efficiency of the gas-hydration control decreases. In the offered system of the automatic hydrate growth inhibitor feed some protecting points are selected in the gas pipeline. In these points gas hydrate formation is most probably. The temperature and pressure sensors and device for inhibitor proportioning are located in these points. This device is consist of the operated valve, the back-pressure valve and regulating disk The device control is carried out by the regulating reducing gear, which connected to the methanol accumulator bottle and produces the pressure in the methanol pipeline. While gas hydrate formation the pressure difference occurs, and this pressure difference is radioed to the operator station. Then the danger section is detected and the control signal is sent to the regulating reducing gear train. So the methanol is fed to the danger section where the gas hydrate formation was detected. The usage of the offered system allows to optimize the inhibitor’s flow, to increase reliability of any gas field exploitation, even without full electricity supply system.

The relevance of the work arises from the need for rational exploitation of oil and gas fields based on the analysis of the facies conditions of the structure of the productive reservoir and the results of field development at the initial stage of its development. The correction of the geological model within the stage under consideration with the use of a fund of operating wells allows us to work out the most rational measures to change the operation scheme and the deposit development regime in order to increase the oil recovery factor. The purpose of the work is to reveal the peculiarities of the development of the Upper Jurassic accumulations in zone Yu12 (Ю12) at the initial stage of its development and to correct the process of the subsequent operation of the oil and gas condensate field located in the southeastern part of the West Siberian plate (based on the reconstruction of the facies situation of the sedimentation of the oil reservoir). As part of the study, the details of the subsurface structure of zone Yu12 (Ю12), and three lithologic-stratigraphic units with different filtration and capacitance characteristics were distinguished. Based on the granulometric studies and the texture analysis of the core material, the facies sedimentation environment of the selected lithologic-stratigraphic units are determined, which reflect the sequence of formation in the section of the tidal, littoral and sublittoral zones of the tidal plain. The comparison of indicator-tracer studies, permeability schemes constructed using GIS and initial well rates with facies features of the reservoir structure was made. It was found that the observed orthogonal trends of increased permeability are associated with a system of tidal canals and shallow-water bars of the tidal plain. As a result, the variant of adjusting the reservoir pressure maintenance system was proposed to increase the efficiency of the hydrocarbon deposit development. It was based on the filtration-capacitance inhomogeneities of the allocated reservoirs and the revealed connection of the permeability trends with the facies conditions of the formation of the reservoir.

The issue of hydrocarbon gas nature, as well as the technical interest in the search for long-term methane production, is thoroughly resolved through geochemical studies that have become widespread, including in the mining and oil and gas industries. The article presents the results of geochemical studies of the carbon from coal, methane and carbon dioxide of the Donbass coal mines. The studies allow drawing a conclusion about the possible nature of the formation of hydrocarbon gases and the formation of long-term methane production fields as an independent source of energy.

The article presents the results of pilot tests of electrical submersible pump units (ESP units) carried out by проведенных Gazprom Neft PJSC in 2015 in the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field (OGCF). The purpose of the research was to determine the parameters of the efficient operation of ESP units from different manufacturers under similar conditions: pump systems were alternately installed in the same well. Based on the results of the pilot tests, there were formulated the guidelines for the use of tested gas-stabilizing devices depending on the proportion of free gas in liquid-gas mixture (LGM) at the intake of the submersible unit. The guidelines are aimed at achieving target bottomhole pressures and additional oil production.

The activity of organizations in modern societyis the determining factor of the economic development. Effective performance and competitive advantages of organizations are achieved through the summing-up effect of interaction: organization’sexperience, knowledge base, technological support, material and technical base, personnel potential. In order to implement the provisions of the Agreement on cooperation and collaboration between PAO Gazprom and the Association «The Union of Companies Performing Design Work in the Gas and Oil Industry» of December 23, 2014, the development of a model for building the competency profile of an organization on the basis of a system of benchmarks was made. The article presents the structure of the competency profile of the design and survey contractor, as well as the competency model, where both the expert assessment and the key directionsin the development of the organization competencies are visually represented. In the final part of the article, the methods for implementing the competency profile are considered: conformity assessment of the potential contractor with the customer's requests – the application of requirements patterns on the organization profile with the identification of deviations; comparison of the competency profiles of organizations to determine the most suitable contractor for a particular customer request; definition of the effective profile from specific parts of competencies.

The article presents the study results in the field of the simulation of the operation of a methyl alcohol synthesis reactor. It is proposed to use a low-pressure gas of oil and gas condensate fields to produce methanol. The dependence of the temperature in the catalyst bed, the degree of conversion of the feedstock and the optimum temperature profile, depending on the height of the catalyst bed, is considered. In addition, the dependence of the methanol yield on the height of the catalyst bed was studied for different contents of inert gases in the initial mixture.The dependence of the temperature in the reaction zone on the height of the catalyst bed was analyzed at the different content of inert gases in the initial mixture. It was found that an increase of inert gases in the starting mixture leads to a decrease in the methanol yield, so it is proposed to control the content of the inert components in the initial mixture in order to maintain the desired temperature in the reactor to obtain a predetermined amount of methanol.

The subject of research is technology of displacing air-gas mixture (AGM) from main gas pipelines (MGP) using instruments to control the composition of the atmosphere. The purpose of the research is to reduce gas losses during repair work by improving the regulatory framework of Gazprom PJSC. The purpose is achieved by developing a standard for Gazprom transgaz Kazan Company «Typical instructions for displacing the air-gas mixture (air) from the cavity of repaired sections of pipelines» and a method for determining the time of the complete displacement of AGM (air) from the internal cavity of repaired sections of gas pipelines, ensuring a reduction in gas losses when filling newly constructed main pipelines or commissioned ones after repair and reconstruction. The article gives a method for calculating the time of the complete displacement of AGM (air) from the internal cavity of repaired sections of gas pipelines using nomograms. The article also presents the results of the determination of the displacement time obtained by calculation and experiment.

The article reviews historical and modern experience of land allocation for the construction of pipeline transportation facilities in Russia. The emergence of private property in the country required taking into consideration the interests of the owners of land and real estate when providing land for construction. The lack of clarity of the legislation in matters of regulation of land allocation for pipeline transportation facilities was the main reason for delays in construction and substantial appreciation of pipelines. At present, the approved documents for strategic and land-use planning (LUP) form the legislative basis for the observance of the interests of both the land proprietors and developers. The main problem is the description of the exact boundaries of easement areas at the stage of development of the area planning documentation (APD). The current standards for land allocation regulate only a part of pipeline transportation facilities, for others regulations are to be defined in the project on the basis of the justification given by the design engineer. Moreover, the design solutions are often modified at the stage of State expertise and such modifications go beyond the boundaries of the allocated area which was approved in the APD. After 2017, the legislation allows the introduction of modifications into the approved APD. Thus, the process of «development and approval of the APD – preparation of project documentation – examination – modification of the project documentation – modification and approval of the APD – expertise» could become endless. Such an approach significantly delays the implementation of construction projects, increases the cost of project documentation development (especially if public consultations, environmental or other special examinations are required when approving the APD). The issue of the mutual coordination of the APD and project documentation in case of minor changes in design solutions should be settled at the stage of examination in the normal course of business based on available information on the territory, terms of project implementation, time costs for official alteration (with new coordination and approval) of the APD. The need for changes in the APD should have a serious justification.

The aim of the work is to create a cyclonic filter apparatus for operating the treatment facilities. On the prototype of the cyclone filter, the studies determined the degree of particle sedimentation at different physical parameters. Calculation formulas are obtained to estimate the efficiency of particle sedimentation in vortex flows using the Navier – Stokes equations for the vortex and Newton's first law for particles. The results presented in the article make it possible to determine the most effective arrangement of the entrances of the semi-detached nozzles of the cyclone elements in the battery cyclone and to take into account the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus. The degrees of sedimentation of particles in the cyclone are determined depending on the Reynolds number. The methods for simulating of the rotating two-phase flows in the cyclones show that the main application for applied problems is the RANS (RANS, Reynolds-Averaged Navier – Stokes equation) model, based on the Reynolds averaging of the turbulence parameters and the Navier – Stokes equations. The closing of the equations is solved on the basis of simple statistical turbulence models. The changes in the tangential velocity components and static pressure in several cross sections of the cyclone are revealed by means of computational hydrodynamics methods. Using the results obtained during the study, the battery cyclone is composed, itselements are cyclone filters. The 2D model of the serial battery cyclone CB-16 (ЦБ-16) consisting of 16 cyclone elements was constructed by methods of computational hydrodynamics. Two models of the arrangement of cyclonic elements are considered. All the numerical modeling data are confirmed by empirical results of field tests, comparable to them and do not contradict the basic approaches of the analytical solution of the Navier – Stokes equations and the thermal conductivity for boundary conditions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd kinds.

Pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ «On Saving Energy and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation,» the key indicator as well as the target in the process of energy saving is the category «energy saving potential.» In order to implement the provisions of the Law, Gazprom PJSC developed a number of normative and methodological documents on the assessment of energy saving potentials in all types of the Company's activities in the conditions of a permanent process for implementing high-efficiency innovative energy-saving technologies. The article analyzes theoretical and practical results of applying the developed methods on the example of a specially performed work on the energy saving potential in the gas transmission of the gas pipeline system (GPS) of the separately taken gas transportation company PAO Gazprom. The main and most effective directions of energy saving and increase of energy efficiency in gas transport are identified. Prospective issues and problems that require further study and solution are distinguished. A number of economically feasible energy saving measures is recommended to use. Potential estimates obtained during the energy survey allow us to forecast further opportunities and directions of work in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency. The energy saving potential is not a static indicator. Its change depends on a number of external and internal factors. To adopt the effective management decisions concerning energy efficiency, it is necessary to assess regularly the energy saving potential in each organization in the structure of PAO Gazprom and update it every 5 years. It is necessary to approach the search for new growth points creatively using both well-developed and new technologies that are used in a new way, and fundamentally new ones.