Gazovaya promyshlennost’ Спецвыпуск № 2 2021

In this paper the algorithmic support features for "Complex-R" automatic control systems, used both as gas pumping units automation and as an automation systems for such complex objects like compressor shops and booster compressor stations, are described. In the section devoted to the gas-pumping units automation special attention is paid to the algorithms for gas compressor anti-surge control and fuel gas flow rate control of gas turbine. A description of the original patented algorithmic support for these controllers is given, which makes it possible to increase the reliability and efficiency of gas-pumping units operation. The effectiveness of the described algorithms is confirmed by the experience of their operation in real conditions. In the section devoted to algorithmic support of shop controller the practical methods for distribution of the total shop load between gas compressing units operating at compressor shop are described. The proposed method of load distribution leads to fuel gas savings consumed in total by all operating gas-pumping units at the compressor shop. In the section devoted to the automation of complex objects, consisted of a large number of technologically connected equipment, the booster compressor station “Komsomolskaya” and the gas field “Bovanenkovo” are given as an example. For both objects, the used controllers of the aggregate, shop and station levels are indicated. The problems solved by controllers and the interconnections between them have been described. Both of these objects are presently working.

Remote control of linear part objects plays a key role in ensuring reliability and safety of gas transmission systems. This article presents modern technical solutions for structural, technical and functional implementation of linear telemechanics system for main gas pipelines, which is a geographically distributed two-level automated control system designed to automate linear objects of Gazprom PJSC production and technical complex. Special attention is paid to the use of modern communication channels that ensure data transfer between levels of the linear telemechanics system, as well as to the role of remote telemetry unit as a communication node that collects information from primary digital devices and systems and transmits it to the control room. In the article technical solutions for both electrified remote control units and non-electrified ones with renewable power sources based on solar panels are given. In order to solve the problem of gas leaks rapid detection at the intersection of the main gas pipeline with transport infrastructure a special case of non-electrified remote control unit for monitoring gas contamination of the main gas pipeline transition through a road or railway is considered. The authors conclude that the use of modern software and hardware allows one to create fundamentally new systems of linear telemechanics, that are able to perform assigned tasks more efficiently.

The authors considered the problem of measuring gas consumption at medium and low productivity metering units. It is that the discrepancy occurs between the component composition periodically introduced into flow meter calculator and the actual gas composition in the pipeline, due to the dynamicaly changing gas component composition as a result of gas from different fields mixing. According to Gazprom STO 5.37, gas metering units should perform the automatic determination functions of gas composition and gas density under standard conditions. This leads to a significant increase in the new construction cost and existing metering units reconstruction. Methods based on various physical measurement principles are considered, which make it possible to determine the substances density and the rationale for the acoustic method choice is given. The idea is based on the measuring principle the speed of sound by an ultrasonic flow transducer and its interpretation depending on the concentration of the components of the gas mixture into a density value at known temperature and pressure. As a result of experimental studies, the error introduced by the influence of the flow rate in a wide range of its variation on the measured speed of sound was revealed and taken into account, which ultimately leads to an increase in the error in measuring the gas density from -2.0% to 0.5%. A developed method for measuring the density of natural gas with the possibility of an approximate calculation of its component composition is described. The evaluation of the metrological characteristics of the developed automated measuring system based on Turbo Flow UFG ultrasonic flow meters with the function of natural gas density determinination in the laboratory conditions of LLC SPA "Turbulentnost-Don" and in the conditions of controlled operation at the gas metering unit was carried out. The daily graphs of changes in gas density, reduced to standard conditions, that were obtained on the base of sound speed measurenments by means of Turbo Flow UFG device installed at controlled gas distribution point, and calculated on the basis of data on the component gas composition, are given. Also, the relative deviation graph of the measured density versus calculated one is presented. When carrying out a statistical analysis of these dependencies, the degree of their relationship was determined - the correlation coefficient, which is equal to 0.9286, which confirms the adequacy of the developed methodology.

One of the largest fields in East Russia, Chayandinskoye oil, gas, and condensate field, located in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the source for the Power of Siberia gas pipeline and Amur Gas Processing Plant. The field is classified as unique in terms of its reserves (B1 + B2), comprising about 1.2 billion m3 natural gas and about 61.6 million t oil and condensate. Design annual capacity is 25 billion m3 of gas, 1.9 million t of oil, and 0.4 million t of gas condensate [1]. Chayandinskoye field has a complex geology. The natural gas is multi-component, with high helium content. The most advanced technical achievements are being used to develop the field. Life support and process functioning of stranded sites require creating modern automation systems to monitor and control the power supply facilities distributed throughout the territory. A domestic automated control system for power supply facilities is created and commissioned within the implementation of Chayandinskoye Oil, Gas, and Condensate Field Development project of the State Program for Creating the Unified Gas Production, Transportation, and Supply System in the East Siberia and the Far East Given the Potential Gas Export to China and Other APAC Countries’ Markets. The system is based on lightly manned technologies designed to ensure the equipment operation control and integrated facility management in automatic mode. The article describes the automated facilities, technical solutions, building principles, and the automated system’s hardware set architecture. It also outlines the key success factors of the virtual infrastructure use experience and homogeneity principle in building automated control systems for distributed power supply facilities.

Operational supervisory control of gas transmission systems is an extremely difficult task due to the peculiarities of technological facility, which is characterized by a large number of inputs and outputs, significant inertia, changes in boundary conditions during operation, and optimality criteria complexity. To assist operators in their management, dispatching decision support systems have been provided. Such systems for managing of gas transmission network in normal and abnormal regimes, developed as part of SPURT operational supervisory control systems in 2007–2020 years, are described in this article. The evolution of dispatching decision support system is traced from the expert systems with rigid logic up to the model-based predictive control systems. Additional subsystems are presented, which improve the accuracy of modeling, such as predicting gas consumption subsystem and software for identifying problem data. The control process for gas transmission system with a predictive model (proactive management), the prediction horizon selection and determination of the best management strategy to improve the efficiency of gas transmission facility are described. The transition to the gas transmission system proactive management is possible only while the appropriateness of the mathematical model is guaranteed, which can be achieved by using in online mode the non-stationary models with identification of the conditionally constant parameters of gas transmission network. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of a gas transmission facility is a multi-criteria notion, which includes minimum energy consumption, ensuring of the equipment operation modes that exclude its accelerated wear, maintenance of gas amount in the system subject to technological and agreement restrictions, etc. It is proposed to use artificial intelligence techniques, such as fuzzy logic and neural networks, in order to select a management strategy which will ensure the best efficiency of the company operation. In this case the neural network training should be carried out using both mathematical model of gas transmission system and expert knowledge of the dispatching personnel.

The main goals and objectives of a set of decision support programs for conducting geological prospecting activities in licensed subsoil blocks of oil and gas company, including expansion through sites acquiring, are indicated. A description of software package main modules is given, based on unified economic certificate of each project on geological exploration and further development, which represent calculating economic and mathematical models of licensed subsoil blocks. Modules of the minimum cost-effective hydrocarbon reserves assessment and the cluster study and development of fields are economic and mathematical models aimed at a rapid efficiency assessment of geological prospecting on existing resource base of the company, as well as its extension through acquiring the additional subsoil blocks. Module for licensed subsoil blocks portfolio formation at the studying stage is designed for effective management of replenishing process of oil and gas company mineral resource base with multi-criteria accounting various restrictions (budget constraints, compliance with license restrictions, etc.) in changing macroeconomic conditions and with account of existing geological risks of prospect and survey of deposits.

In this paper the goals and main problems of integrated economic and mathematical model design using digital technology are defined for Gazprom PJSC and its affiliated organizations tax burden prediction. The description of the model's technical implementation is given, which consists of modules that perform predictive calculations of tax and customs payments values for Gazprom PJSC and its affiliated organizations in the context of organizations and business segments of Gazprom Group, budgets and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, this software implementation allows to carry out factor analysis of tax burden variations for considered group of companies from year to year with a variation impact assessment of price parameters, production expenses, volume indicators of production, processing and sale of hydrocarbons, and tax environment. Several examples are also provided for calculation results, carried out by means of integrated economic and mathematical model, and their application for making management decisions.