Территория Нефтегаз № 10 2018

» Development of Teamwork Competencies in the Drilling of Virtual Horizontal Wells in Geonavigation

A new experience of using the technology of interdisciplinary activity training of students and specialists raising their qualifications is presented in a virtual environment of engineering activity - when drilling a virtual horizontal well in a virtual oil field. This innovative technology was developed at Gubkin University and was awarded in 2015 by the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education. New opportunities for its use in the training of specialists in the field of geonavigation during the drilling of horizontal oil and gas wells appeared at the university due to the establishment in the university of a new infrastructure facility-the Center for Offshore Drilling of Rosneft PJSC. The paper describes the periods of the basic level training of 8 academic hours involving students trained for four disciplines: borehole geophysics, petroleum geology, petrophysics, drilling of oil and gas wells. Within the training practical period the students splitted up into teams, simulating a staffed drilling contractor with the departments required for horizontal well construction, using a specially developed interactive simulator, by the example of a specific geological feature – a field rich in terrigenous deposits located in the Western Siberia, carry out penetration into the horizontal well site of 1000 m total length. A winner will be the team able to make penetration of maximum meters in the reservoir.

Keywords: digitalization, educational technologies, teamwork, horizontal drilling, geo-navigation, offshore drilling.

Authors:

A.S. Oganov, e-mail: bur220@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

V.S. Sheinbaum, e-mail: shvs@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

A.I. Arkhipov, e-mail: arhipov.ai@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

D.I. Ignatov, e-mail: dignatov@geosteering.ru Gеosteering Ltd. (Krasnoyarsk, Russia).

References:

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On the National Goals and Strategic Tasks of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” [Electronic source]. Access mode: https://www.prlib.ru/en/item/1155783 (access date – October 24, 2018). (In Russian)
Martynov V.G. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. In handbook “Education in Russia” Moscow, Center for Strategic Partnership, 2011, Vol. 8, P. 59–61. (In Russian)
Vladimirov A.I., Sheinbaum V.S. Training of Specialists in a Virtual Environment of Professional Activity – the Imperative of the Time. Vysshee obrazovanie segodnya = Higher Education Today, 2007, No. 7, P. 2–6. (In Russian)
Martynov V.G., Pyatibratov P.V., Sheinbaum V.S. Development of the Innovative Educational Technology for Teaching Students in a Virtual Environment of Professional Activity. Vysshee obrazovanie segodnya = Higher Education Today, 2012, No. 5, P. 4–8.
Morozov O., Ovchinnikov A. Geological Support of Drilling Online. Horizontal Wells on Prirazlomnoye are Under Control. Offshore (Russia), 2015, August, P. 52–56. (In Russian)
Zhivov P.N., Oganov A.S. Scientific and Methodological Solutions for Automatic Control of Directional Well Path. Vestnik Assotsiatsii burovykh podryadchikov = Bulletin of the Association of Drilling Contractors, 2010, No. 3, P. 38–42.

For citation:
Oganov A.S., Sheinbaum V.S., Arkhipov A.I., Ignatov D.I. Development of Teamwork Competencies in the Drilling of Virtual Horizontal Wells in Geonavigation. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 14–21. (In Russ.)

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» Issues on the Permeability Coefficient Determination by Geophysical Well Logging for the Composite Reservoirs of Vendian Period in the Chayandinskoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field at the Development Drilling Stage

The data recently obtained in intensive development drilling of Chayandinskoe oil and gas condensate field (Lensky district, Yakutia, Russia) introduce changes in the concept on geologic and hydrodynamic field models. In view of this the proper determination of permeability and porosity reservoir properties particularly the permeability index is becoming increasingly urgent. As applied to the development wells of Chayandinskoe oil and gas condensate field the permeability index is determined by geophysical well survey data using petrophysical dependences and also by hydrodynamic data. The analysis presented in the article showed a high convergence level of the data obtained thus indicating that the current technique to determine the permeability index basing on geophysical well surveys is correct. However, according to the authors to bring the index value close to real characteristics of sections of formations exposed by drilling a well it is necessary to consider certain factors, such as reservoir formation conditions, the level of stratum macro-and micro-anisotropy, secondary processes of reservoir changes and process peculiarities of stratum development and testing. For their research the authors used the evaluation data of reserves of the Chayandinskoe oil and gas condensate field conducted in 2015 by Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC and the result they have gained was the determined core dependences between indices of permeability and effective porosity. The index computed on the basis of these dependences is a maximum possible permeability index estimate for non-clayey, non-carbonate and non-saline reservoir under favourable stratum development conditions. Besides, according to the authors, a normative document is to be developed which will regulate the permeability index adaptation process (at the estimated reserves stage based on core examinations from vertical wells) to the conditions of development drilling of deviated and horizontal boreholes.

Keywords: Chayandinskoe oil and gas condensate field, permeability coefficient, geophysical well logging, production rate, development drilling.

Authors:

E.E. Polyakov; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

I.V. Churikova; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

E.A. Pylev; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

Yu.M. Churikov; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

E.O. Semenov; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

A.V. Simonov, e-mail: A_Simonov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Skorobogatov V.A. Yenisei-Lena Megaprovince: Formation, Placement and Forecasting of Hydrocarbon Deposits. Geologiya nefti i gaza = Geology of Oil and Gas, 2017, No. 3, P. 3–17. (In Russian)
Kreknin S.G., Pogretsky A.V., Krylov D.N., et al. Updated Geological-Geophysical Model for the Chaiandinskoe Oil-Gas-Condensate Deposit. Geologiya neftii gaza = Geology of Oil and Gas, 2016, No. 2, P. 44–55. (In Russian)
Polyakov E.E., Ryzhov A.E., Ivchenko O.V., et al. Scientific Tasks Solved at Calculating Hydrocarbon Reserves of Chayanda Oil-Gascondensate Field. Nauchnotekhnicheskiy sbornik Vesti gazovoy nauki = Scientific Technical Collection Book News of Gas Science, 2017, No. 3, P. 172–186. (In Russian)
Ryzhov A.E. Types and Properties of Terrigenous Reservoirs of the Vendian of the Chayandinskoe Field. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy sbornik Vesti gazovoy nauki = Scientific Technical Collection Book News of Gas Science, 2013, No. 1, P. 145–160. (In Russian)
Ryzhov A.E., Savchenko N.V., Perunova T.A., Orlov D.M. Influence of the Features of the Structure of the Porous Space of the Reservoirs of the Chayandinskoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field on Their Filtration Characteristics. Theses of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference “World Resources and Gas Reserves and Advanced Technology for Their Development” (WGRR 2010). Moscow, Gazprom VNIIGAZ, 2010, P. 62. (In Russian)
Polyakov E.E., Pylev E.A., Churikova I.V., et al. Productivity of Complex Terrigenous Reservoirs of the Vendian of the Chayandinskoe Field Depending on the Lithological and Petrophysical Properties and Geological and Technical Conditions of the Opencut of Sediments. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 12, P. 22–32. (In Russian)
Ivchenko O.V. Dependence of the Specific Productivity of Wells on Their Facial Affiliation and Reservoir Salinity on the Example of the Botuobinsky Horizon of the Chayandinskoe Field. Territorija “NEFTEGAS” = Oil and Gas Territory, 2014, No. 3, P. 24–29. (In Russian)

For citation:
Polyakov E.E., Churikova I.V., Pylev E.A., Churikov Yu.M., Semenov E.O., Simonov A.V. Issues on the Permeability Coefficient Determination by Geophysical Well Logging for the Composite Reservoirs of Vendian Period in the Chayandinskoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field at the Development Drilling Stage. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 30–41. (In Russ.)

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» The Parameter Interdependency Analysis for Geological Hydrocarbon Field Modeling

The article analyses the existing quality estimation procedures for numerical geological modeling used in the practices of vertically integrated companies and in the expert evaluation of the above models at Federal State-Funded Institution “State Mineral Resources Commission”. The principal estimation technique is a statistical analysis and also the one of cross-effects produced by various parameters of geological models for hydrocarbon fields. The article presents the expert analysis data, with 23 parameters being analyzed. The procedure of the analysis and identification of most crucial and often used model parameter relationships, including correlation, for the quality estimation of oil or gas field geological modeling. The major analysis tool is the model data comparison matrix. It was shown that most often used are any geological parameter – absolute (or relative) spatial coordinate relationships. The application efficiency of “internal” relationships has been proved, i. e. those of petrophysical characteristics considering well-known geological regularities. The article points out that some of them are not applied often enough in expert evaluation practices of geological modeling quality. It also shows distinctive features (mounting and complication) of geological parameters interrelations in carbonate and fractured reservoirs where an essential role in distribution of porosity and permeability belongs to post-sedimentation processes. Some practical examples of such interrelations are also given. It is proposed to include the most effective relationships into the reporting documentation being developed while estimating hydrocarbon reserves in fields. There are some plans to increase the number of relationships and update them by specification, i. e. development of relationships specific for certain productive deposits in the areas under study.

Keywords: cross-plot, map, porosity, gritteness, oil saturation, distance to an object, geological and statistic profile.

Authors:

K.E. Zakrevskiy, e-mail: kezakrevskiy@rosneft.ru; Rosneft PJSC (Moscow, Russia).

A.E. Lepilin, e-mail: LepilinAE@ufanipi.ru; RN-UfaNIPINeft LLC (Ufa, Russia).

A.P. Novikov, e-mail: NovikovAP@ufanipi.ru RN-UfaNIPINeft LLC (Ufa, Russia).

References:

Zakrevskiy К.Ye., Maisyuk D.M., Syrtlanov V.R. Quality Estimation of 3D-Models. Мoscow, Information Publishing Centre “Maska”, 2008, 272 p. (In Russian)
Recommendations for the Geological Modeling Procedure when Estimating Hydrocarbon Reserves. Мoscow, Federal State-Funded Institution “State Mineral Resources Commission”, 2015 [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://gkz-rf.ru/uglevodorodnoe-syre (access date – October 10, 2018). (In Russian)
Belozerov B.V., Butorin А.V., Gerasimenko P.N., et al. Practical Advises for 3D Geological Modeling. Saint Petersburg, Gaspromneft STC LCC, 2015, 354 p. (In Russian)
Belonovskaya L.G., Bulach М.Kh., Gmid L.P. The Role of Jointing in the Formation of Porous and Permeable Space in Complicated Reservoirs. Neftegazovaya geologiya. Teoriya i praktika = Petroleum Geollogy. Theory and Practice, 2007, Vol. 2 [Electronic source]. Access mode: www.ngtp.ru/rub/8/030.pdf (access date – October 8, 2018). (In Russian)
Le Maux T., Murat B., Amamra M., et al. The Challenges of Building Up a Geological and Reservoir Model of a Late Ordovician Glaciomarine Gas Reservoir Characterised by the Presence of Natural Fractures. 2006. SPE-101208-MS. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, 5–8 November, Abu Dhabi, UA.
Tankersley T.H., Narr W., King G.R, et al. Reservoir Modeling to Characterize Dual Porosity, Tengiz Field, Republic Of Kazakhstan (Russian). 2010. SPE-139836-RU. SPE Caspian Carbonates Technology Conference, 8–10 November, Atyrau, Kazakhstan.
Zakrevskiy К.Ye., Kundin А.S. Features of 3D Geological Modeling of Carbonate and Fractured Reservoirs. Мoscow, Beliy Veter LLC, 2016, 404 p. (In Russian)

For citation:
Zakrevskiy K.E., Lepilin A.E., Novikov A.P. The Parameter Interdependency Analysis for Geological Hydrocarbon Field Modeling. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. ??????. (In Russ.)

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» Hydrodynamic Justification of the Use of the Karman's Theory for the Calculation of Hydraulic Resistance of Pipelines with Rough Walls in the Presence of Drug Reducing Agents

The article presents clarification of the T. Karman generalized theory of turbulence for rugosity cases of the pipeline internal surfaces. The distinction of the given theory from many different semi-empirical theories of turbulence is that it allows for boundary conditions on the walls of a pipeline or any other channel in which liquid flows. This factor is of key importance when anti-turbulent additives are introduced into the liquid flow. These additives changing no liquid properties effect the turbulent flow-walls interrelationship conditions limiting liquid flow. The way rugosity of the pipeline walls is taken into account when liquid flows free of an anti-turbulent additive, as well as types of changes necessary to be entered into the model and in design formulas to consider the presence of such additive are shown. The results gained are particularly important for extrapolation to industrial pipelines of data obtained in testing of anti-turbulent additives on experimental stands and compact laboratory devices.

Keywords: pipeline, turbulent flow, hydraulic resistance, drug reducing agent, phenomenological T. Karman's theory, universal law of resistance, roughness

Authors:

N.N. Golunov, e-mail: golunov.n@gubkin.ru National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University” (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Bakhtizin R.N., Gareev M.M., Lisin Yu.V., et al. Nanotechnology for Lowering the Hydraulic Resistance of Pipelines. Saint Petersburg, Nedra, 2018, 352 p. (In Russian)
Lurie M.V., Golunov N.N. Application of Bench Test Results of Small Antiturbulent Additives for Industrial Pipeline Hydraulic Analysis. Nauka i tekhnologii truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2016, No. 4 (24). P. 32–37. (In Russian)
Golunov N.N., Lurie M.V. Interpretation of Test Results of Drag Reducing Agents in Rotational Measurers. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 6, P. 92–97. (In Russian)
Loitsyanskiy L.G. Fluid Mechanics. 6d ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow, Nauka, 1987, 840 p. (In Russian)
Lurie M.V., Podoba N.A. Modification of Karman Theory to Design Shearing Turbulence. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR = Papers of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1984, Vol. 279, No. 3, P. 570–575. (In Russian).
Lurie M.V. Fundamentals of Pipeline Transportation of Oil, Its Products and Gas. Moscow, Publishing House “Nedra”, 2017, 476 p. (In Russian).
Chernikin V.A., Chernikin A.V. Generalized Formula for Calculating the Friction Factor of Pipelines for Light Oil Products and Lowviscosity Oils. Nauka i tekhnologii truboprovodnogo transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Science & Technologies: Oil and Oil Products Pipeline Transportation, 2012, No. 4 (8), P. 64–66. (In Russian).

For citation:
Golunov N.N. Hydrodynamic Justification of the Use of the Karman's Theory for the Calculation of Hydraulic Resistance of Pipelines with Rough Walls in the Presence of Drug Reducing Agents. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 64–68. (In Russ.)

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» On Operation of Gas Flow Measurement Units equipped with Ultrasonic Flow Transducers

To ensure accuracy of gas flow measurements at gas-distributing stations for transported gas is an urgent problem for the gas-transport association. Meeting of mandatory requirements set for the certified measurement technique including those for straight pipe runs and location of form losses, is responsible for accurate measurements at gas flow measurement units of gas-distributing stations. For gas flow measurement units equipped with ultrasonic flow transducers the above requirements are set by GOST 8.611-2013 “State System to ensure traceability. Gas flow and volume. The measuring technique using ultrasonic flow transducers”. The application practices of the technique described in the Standard indicate the necessity to specify the location of flow transducers against other units and devices at the facility where a gas flow measurement unit is installed basing on operating conditions which are not fully specified in the Standard. Yet, operating experience of gas flow measurement units with ultrasonic flow transducers located behind the gas reduction unit shows that when meeting the mandatory measuring technique requirements set to the location of form losses it is necessary to additionally consider also the types of form losses which lower noises from gas pressure regulators spread by the ultrasonic flow transducers. The paper gives examples of form losses and straight measuring pipe runs at a gas-distributing station, which both intensify and lower the noise from gas pressure regulators in ultrasonic flow transducers. The examples given can be used in designing and operating of gas flow measurement units in order to prevent and exclude noise effects in similar geometries of the units.

Keywords: gas flow measurement unit, measuring technique, ultrasonic flow transducer, gas pressure regulator, noise.

Authors:

R.R. Gaptrakhmanov, e-mail: r-gaptrahmanov@tattg.gazprom.ru; Gazprom transgaz Kazan LLC (Kazan, Russia).

O.M. Khamidullin, e-mail: r-gaptrahmanov@tattg.gazprom.ru; Gazprom transgaz Kazan LLC (Kazan, Russia).

R.R. Kantyukov, e-mail: r-kantyukov@tattg.gazprom.ru; Gazprom transgaz Kazan LLC (Kazan, Russia).

R.V. Lebedev, e-mail: r-lebedev@tattg.gazprom.ru; Gazprom transgaz Kazan LLC (Kazan, Russia).

S.V. Shenkarenko, e-mail: s-shenkarenko@tattg.gazprom.ru Gazprom transgaz Kazan LLC (Kazan, Russia).

References:

ISO 17089-1:2010. Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits – Ultrasonic Meters for Gas. Part 1. Meters for Custody Transfer and Allocation Measurement. 2010. 100 p.
National Standard (GOST) 8.611–2013. State System to Ensure Traceability. Gas Flow and Volume. The Measuring Technique using Ultrasonic Flow Transducers [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200104093 (access date – October 23, 2018). (In Russian)
Krajcin I., Uhrig M., Wrath A., et al. Impact of Regulator Noise on Ultrasonic Flow Meters in Natural Gas. 25th International North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop, Energy Institute, Oslo, Norway, 2007, P. 206–224.

For citation:
Gaptrakhmanov R.R., Khamidullin O.M., Kantyukov R.R., Lebedev R.V., Shenkarenko S.V. On Operation of Gas Flow Measurement Units equipped with Ultrasonic Flow Transducers. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 60–63. (In Russ.)

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» Complex Algorithm for Developing Effective Well-Killing Fluids for Production Wells

The article presents the integrated research technique developed by the authors to test emulsion blocking mixtures for killing of producing wells. The technique allows to justify the selection of reagents to be applied in the conditions of oil and gas-condensate fields characterized by the presence of porous reservoirs, high gas-oil ratio (HGOR), underlaying water and fractures created by hydrofrac operations. To prepare and examine the properties of invert emulsions (Premuls) 23 emulsifying agents of different grades and producers have been used. By studying interfacial tension and estimation of thermal stability at the formation temperature of 61 °C, the changes in thermal stability and unitized emulsion stability depending on grades and concentration of emulsifying agents have been investigated. On the basis of the data from the tests conducted in combination with the study of rheological properties of the resulted emulsions the most effective emulsifiers have been identified, their minimum work concentration in the end solution being determined as 1.5 % mass. for all samples tested. An optimal relation of initial reagents (oil, aqueous phase, emulsifier) to produce the emulsions being stable within 6 days as minimum has been identified – it was proved that aqueous and hydrocarbon phase relationship is to be in the range of 80/20–90/10 % mass., the relationship changes being usable to control the level of emulsion viscosity.

Authors:

A.V. Bondarenko, e-mail: a.v_bondarenko@mail.ru; Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia).

Sh.R. Islamov, e-mail: islamov_shr@mail.ru; Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia).

D.V. Mardashov, e-mail: Mardashov_DV@pers.spmi.ru Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia).

References:

Binks B.P., Lumsdon S.O. Catastrophic Phase Inversion of Water-in-Oil Emulsions stabilized by Hydrophobic Silica. Langmuir Journal, 2000, Vol. 16, No. 6, P. 2539–2547.
Ryabokon' S.A. Technological Liquids for Completion and Servicing of Wells. 2nd revised edition. Krasnodar, Prosveshchenie-Yug, 2009, 338 p. (In Russian)
Petrov N.A., Solov'yev A.Ya., Sultanov V.G., et al. Emulsion Solutions in Oil and Gas Processes. Мoscow, Khimiya [Chemistry], 2008, 440 p. (In Russian)
Tokunov V.I., Saushin A.Z. Technological Liquids and Compositions for Increasing the Productivity of Oil and Gas Wells. Мoscow, Nedra-Business Center LLC, 2004, 711 p. (In Russian)
Orlov G.A., Kandis M.Sh., Glushchenko V.N. Application of Invert Emulsions in Oil Production. Мoscow, Nedra, 1991, 224 p. (In Russian)
Zhelonin P.V., Mukhametshin D.M., Archikov A.B., et al. Justification of the Algorithm of Well-Killing Technologies Selection. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik PAO “NK “Rosneft’” = Scientific and technical herald of Oil Company Rosneft OJSC, 2015, № 2, P. 76–81. (In Russian)
State Standard (GOST R) 50097–92 (ISО 9101–87). Surface Active Agents. Determination of Interfacial Tension. Drop Volume Method [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200028102 (access date – October 3, 2018). (In Russian)
Regulatory Document (RD) 39-00147001-773–2004. Methods for Monitoring Drilling Mud Parameters [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4293795/4293795613.htm (access date – October 3, 2018). (In Russian)
Demakhin S.A., Merkulov A.P., Kas’yanov D.N., et al. The Block-Packs Wells Silencing – an Effective Means of Preserving the Filtration Properties of the Productive Reservoir. Neft’ i gaz Evrazii = Oil and Gas Eurasia, 2014, No. 8–9, P. 56–57. (In Russian)
Shishkov S.N., Shishkov V.S., Koshelev V.N., et al. Some Aspects of Application of Muffling Liquids on Basis of Emulsions. Burenie i neft’ = Drilling and Oil, 2009, No. 6, P. 25–28. (In Russian)
Interstate Standard (GOST) 20287–91. Petroleum Products. Methods of Test for Flow Point and Pour Point» [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200005428 (access date – October 3, 2018). (In Russian)
De Souza T.A., de P. Scheer A., de Oliveira M.C.K., et al. Emulsion Inversion using Solid Particles. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2012, Vol. 96, No. 10, P. 49–57.

For citation:
Bondarenko A.V., Islamov Sh.R., Mardashov D.V. Complex Algorithm for Developing Effective Well-Killing Fluids for Production Wells. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 42–49. (In Russ.)

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» Validation Practice for Reliable Life of Gas Pipeline Sections where Minimal Intervals are Broken

The paper analyses operation features of gas lines where minimal intervals are broken representing a serious problem for gas-transport companies since it requires either to remove the breaking or enhance reliability of gas lines properly justified. A clear but most cost-efficient way for Gazprom PJSC to enhance reliability of such gas line sections is to change a section and its category. It is the authors’ opinion that an alternative and more optimal way to ensure reliable operation of gas line sections with breaking of minimal intervals is integrity repair. According to the authors’ concept reliability enhancement of gas line sections in the category under consideration can be done by changing the parameters, such as in-line inspection cycles and selective repair sizes. Besides, repair sizes are in such correlation with inspection cycles that reliable gas line operation in the inter-inspection interval can be ensured. The authors give the algorithm to set the time interval and prove the efficiency of the technique proposed by the specific examples using inspection data for a number of trunk gas lines. By the authors’ calculations the normative inter-inspection interval of 5 years, as well as selective repair sizes correlated with failure time and frequency of diagnostics will ensure reliable life for gas pipeline sections with breaking of minimal intervals since in this case the failure time exceeds the inter-inspection period by 3 times and by minimum 4 times in case of stress corroded gas lines.

Keywords: gas line, reliability, inspection cycle, defects of relative depth, in-line technical diagnosis, corrosive defect, correlation analysis.

Authors:

I.I. Veliyulin; EKSIKOM LLC (Moscow, Russia).

M.Yu. Mitrokhin; EKSIKOM LLC (Moscow, Russia).

V.I. Gorodnichenko; EKSIKOM LLC (Moscow, Russia).

R.R. Khasanov, e-mail: hasanov@eksikom.ru; EKSIKOM LLC (Moscow, Russia).

F.I. Zakharkin Gazprom pererabotka LLC (Saint Petersburg, Russia).

References:

Company Standard STO Gazprom 2-2.3-292–2009. Rules for Determining the Technical State of Main Gas Pipelines based on the Results of In-Line Inspection [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://elima.ru/docs/index.php?id=7862 (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
Company Standard (STO) Gazprom 2-2.3-095–2007. Instructions for the Diagnostic Study of a Linear Gas Main Survey [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/54/54349/ (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
State Standard GOST R 55999–2014. In-Line Inspection of Gas Pipelines. General Requirements [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200111795 (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
State Standard STO Gazprom 2-2.3-112–2007. Methodical Guidelines for Assessing the Operability of the Main Gas Pipelines Sections with Corrosion Defects [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/58/58899/ (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
Recommendations for Strength and Stability Assessment of Trunk Gas Lines and Compressor Station Pipelines Under Operation. Мoscow, Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC, 2006, 64 p. (In Russian)
Company Standard R Gazprom 2-2.3-595–2011. Rules for Setting of Repair Procedures for Defect Sections of Linear Gas Main Portions in the Gazprom OJSC’ Unified Gas Supply System [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://elima.ru/docs/index.php?id=7810 (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
Company Standard STO Gazprom 2-3.5-454–2010. Service Instructions for Main Gas Pipelines[Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/53/53416/ (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
Company Standard STO Gazprom 2-2.3-310–2009. An Arrangement of Corrosion Surveys of Gazprom OJSC facilities. Main Requirements [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/58/58895/ (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)
Collins J.A. Failure of Materials in Mechanical Design: Analysis, Prediction, Prevention. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1981, 630 p.
Company Standard R Gazprom 2-2.3-692–2013. The Formation Regulation of Technical Diagnostics and Repair Programs for the Linear Part of Main Gas Pipelines of the Unified Gas Supply System Of Gazprom JSC. Moscow, Gazprom expo, 2014, 111 p. (In Russian)
Company Standard STO Gazprom 2-2.3-173–2007. Instruction of Comprehensive Survey and Diagnostics of Main Gas Pipelines Subject to Stress Corrosion Cracking [Electronic source]. Access mode: http://files.stroyinf.ru/Data1/54/54350/ (access date – October 22, 2018). (In Russian)

For citation:
Veliyulin I.I., Mitrokhin M.Yu., Gorodnichenko V.I., Khasanov R.R. Validation Practice for Reliable Life of Gas Pipeline Sections where Minimal Intervals are Broken. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 72–78. (In Russ.)

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» Influence of Welding Thermic Cycle on Growth of Austenitе Grain

The paper analyses the problem solving technique related to welding characteristics of modern pipe steels in the pipe producing industry. Heat input of multiarc welding used for longitudinal joint welding of gas main pipes is increasingly high (about 100 kJ/cm) resulting in the welding bath formation of hundreds centimeters length. Besides, the residence time of a heat-affected zone metal in the temperature range of over 1000 °C equals dozens of seconds. Under such conditions carbide elements dissolve and stop checking an austenite grain growth. Meeting no obstacles in form of carbides and sulfides grain boundaries migrate rapidly while austenite grain reaches the sizes big enough to be seen with the naked eye (over 100 µm). Ductile properties of such steel experience significant deterioration most obvious as pipe walls become thicker – against a background of heat input growth of welding, i. e. heat input. In a number of cases the heat-effected zone impact strength of the pipe longitudinal joint does not meet the requirements set for the gas main pipes. The paper presents the comparative designs of welding heat cycles and temperature fields in automatic four-arc welding and three-arc welding with an extra hot addition agent for the longitudinal pipe joint in view of the austenite grain growth analysis. Chosen were the design diagrams of the product and heat sources based on the classical theory fundamentals for heat conduction in welding. The grain size calculation has been performed. The data obtained have served as the basis for the prediction of impact strength and heat-effected zone grain sizes on application of the advanced technology.

Keywords: welding thermal cycle, additional hot wire, toughness, austenite grain growth, longitudinal pipe seam, main pipeline.

Authors:

Z.Kh. Murtazina, e-mail: zulphiya.murtazina@gmail.com; Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Moscow, Russia).

A.V. Konovalov, e-mail: avk270760@mail.ru Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Makarov E.L., Yakushin B.F. Theory of Weldability of Steels and Alloys. Ed. by E.L. Makarov. Moscow, Publishing House of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2014, 487 p. (In Russian)
Welding and Weldable Materials – Handbook in 3 Vol. Vol. 1. Weldability of Materials. Ed. E.L. Makarov. Moscow, Metallurgiya [Metallurgy], 1991, 528 p. (In Russian)
Makarov E.L. Cold Cracks when Welding Alloy Steels. Moscow, Mashinostroenie [Mechanical Engineering], 1981, 248 p. (In Russian)
Konovalov A.V., Kurkin A.S., Nerovniy V.M., et al. Theory of Welding Processes. A textbook for universities. Ed. V.M. Nerovni. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Moscow, Publishing House of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2016, 704 p. (In Russian)
Makarov E.L., Konovalov A.V. System of Computer Analysis of Weldability and Welding Technology of Structural Alloyed Steels. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo = Welding Production, 1995, No. 3, P. 6–9. (In Russian)

For citation:
Murtazina Z.Kh., Konovalov A.V. Influence of Welding Thermic Cycle on Growth of Austenitе Grain. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2018, No. 10, P. 50–53. (In Russ.)

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Territorija Neftegas № 10 2018

Read in this issue:

Drilling

Geology

Oil and Gas Transportation and Storage

Oilfield chemistry

Pipelines operation and repair

Welding