Территория Нефтегаз № 3 2017

» The Method of The Resistance Control of The Material of The Inner Polymer Coating of Oil Country Tubular Goods to Hydro Abrasive Depreciation in The Certification and Periodic Laboratory Testing

The Method of The Resistance Control of The Material of The Inner Polymer Coating of Oil Country Tubular Goods to Hydro Abrasive Depreciation in The Certification and Periodic Laboratory Testing One of the main requirements for the internal polymeric coating of oil country tubular goods is the resistance of the coating to the destruction under the influence of the abrasive containing fluid flow. The indicator of the coating resistance to the destruction in these conditions is the speed of reducing the thickness of the coating. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of depreciation: abrasive and fatigue can be developed under the influence of the abrasive flow to the coating material. Abrasive depreciation mechanism of the coating material is the cutting by the solid abrasive particle specific amount of the the surface layer of the material during each cycle of the influencing of this particle on the material. Fatigue depreciation mechanism consists in repeated deformation the surface layer of the material by the abrasive particles that causes cracking and crumbling cyclically loaded amount of the material. The resistance of the material to breaking under the influence of abrasive and fatigue depreciation mechanisms is determined by the different mechanical properties of this material. In case of emergence of the abrasive depreciation mechanism the material's resistance to the destruction increases with the rise of its hardness. Polymeric materials and coatings on their basis is not intended for the usage in conditions of the abrasive depreciation. In this case, you should use of metals and alloys with appropriate mechanical properties. In case of fatigue depreciation mechanism the resistance of the materials increases in proportion to the decrease of their modulus of elasticity. This is confirmed by the high resistance to the destruction of elastomers in these conditions. It is known that the depreciation mechanism of the materials significantly depend on the attack angle of abrasive fluid and modes of its flow. It is important to reproduce the mechanism of the process of hydro abrasive depreciation of the material of the internal coating of the tubes and to estimate the influence of various operational factors on the rate of this process for the objective modeling of the hydro abrasive depreciation process of materials of polymeric coatings in case of certification and periodic testing under laboratory conditions and the objective assessment of the numerical value of rate of change of the coating thickness under these conditions. To confirm the above and to justify the inadmissibility of the usage of the units such as the Taber Abraser, giving wrong information about the quality of the internal coating of oil country tubular goods, the method of testing polymeric coatings on hydro abrasive depreciation was developed in Gubkin Russian state University of oil and gas (national research university). This method allows creating the real model of mechanism of hydro abrasive depreciation of the inner polymer coating of tubes used for construction, reconstruction and repair of oil pipelines at oil deposits.

Keywords: oil pipeline tubes, the inner polymer coating, hydro abrasive depreciation, laboratory testing, mechanism modeling, modeling technique.

Authors:

О.О. Shtyrev, e-mail: olegshtyr91@gmail.com, The laboratory of design and testing of polymeric coatings in the oil and gas equipment and facilities of Federal State Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin» (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Shtyrev O.О. About the inadmissibility of using the Taber Abraser unit and similar to it to control the resistance of the materials of the inner polymer coating of oil country tubular goods to hydro abrasive depreciation under the influence of fluid stream containing mechanical impurities. Territorija NEFTEGAZ = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No. 9, P. 86–90. (In Russian)

For citation:
Shtyrev О.О. The Method of The Resistance Control of The Material of The Inner Polymer Coating of Oil Country Tubular Goods to Hydro Abrasive Depreciation in The Certification and Periodic Laboratory Testing. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 46–52. (In Russian)

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» Staffing System Management of Technical Condition and Integrity of Main Conduits

Multilevel system of training specialists in diagnostics, which is presently implemented at Gazprom PJSC, mainly determines the efficiency of the development of the sectoral diagnostic system of maintenance of main gas conduits (MC). This system made it possible to substantially intensify the process of training, retraining and certification of the staff, increase the number of high-skilled specialists for technical diagnostics of Gazprom PJSC. However, such actions as the acceptance of new professional standards, the intercalation of the control system of technical condition and integrity of the MC, the emergence of fundamentally new diagnostic issues causes the significant adjustment of the system. This task cannot be solved without the collaboration of leading oil and gas universities and highly-skilled industry experts involved in the implementation of the sectoral system of diagnostic maintenance. The experience of the cooperation in this area of Gazprom PJSC, Gubkin Russian state University of oil and gas (national research university) and Orgenergogaz is shown in this paper.

Keywords: diagnostic, main conduit, the system of diagnostic maintenance, methodological supply, stuff supply, multi-level system of experts training, professional standards, facultative professional education.

Authors:

B.L. Zhitomirsky; Orgenergogaz ОАО (JSC) (Moscow, Russia).

A.S. Lopatin, e-mail: lopatin.a@gubkin.ru, Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin» (Moscow, Russia).

References:

The target complex program for creation of sectoral system of diagnostic maintenance of gas transport equipment of compressor stations of Gazprom PJSC (before 2000) in three parts. Мoscow, Editorial-Publishing center «Gazprom», 1997. (In Russian)
Angalev A.M., Antipov B.N., Zaritskij S.P., Lopatin A.S. Diagnostic maintenance of main gas conduits. Moscow, MAKS Press, 2009, 112 pp. (In Russian)
Aksyutin O.E., Lopatin A.S., Vasilev G.G. The development of gas transport system and engineers training. Gazovaya promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2010, No. 13, P. 13–16. (In Russian)
Lopatin A.S., Suhoverhov YU.N., Korolenok A.M. SEC (Scientific-educational center) Energy-saving technologies and technical diagnostic. Neft’, gaz i biznes = Oil, gas and business, 2015, No. 3, P. 30–33. (In Russian)

For citation:
Zhitomirsky B.L., Lopatin A.S. Staffing System Management of Technical Condition and Integrity of Main Conduits. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 18–21. (In Russian)

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» The Development of The Modern Methods of Diagnostics of Welded Joints of Storage Tanks for Oil and Oil Products Using The Method of Ultrasonic Control

Vertical steel tanks of large capacity are important units in the technological chain of the oil pipeline transport. That’s why, these constructions should have good conditions during the whole operation period. Despite of the rich experience gained in the field of tanks development for last years, tanks for oil and oil products still remain one of the most dangerous objects. For trouble-free operation it is necessary to periodically diagnose the technical condition of the tanks. It is necessary to diagnose periodically the technical condition of the tanks for failover operation. The article describes the analysis of statistical data obtained by using the currently used methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) to determine the current technical conditions and to diagnostic of vertical steel tanks. The comparison of two these methods of nondestructive testing based on the method of expert estimations was performed. The most suitable method of ultrasonic inspection for production conditions and the safest for the staff was identified which should be used in the diagnostic of rim weld and butt joints of reservoirs. The article presents the developed technique of determining possible defects using ultrasonic inspection (UT). It is more effective and reasonable for process of control of welded joints in the tanks of large capacity in comparison with the existing methods and suppose neither the emptying of the reservoir, nor breaking of the base and the foundation of the reservoir, allowing you to identify defects at an early stage of development.

Keywords: non-destructive control methods, welds joints, steel vertical tanks, equipment diagnostics, piezoelectric converter.

Authors:

P.S. Kunina, e-mail: pelagea47@mail.ru; Kuban State Technological University (Krasnodar, Russia).

E.I. Velichko; Kuban State Technological University (Krasnodar, Russia).

M.G. Prikhodko; Kuban State Technological University (Krasnodar, Russia).

A.E. Nizhnik, Kuban State Technological University (Krasnodar, Russia).

References:

GOST 14782-86. Nondestructive testing. Welded connections. Ultrasonic methods. (In Russian)
Yakovlev A.Ya., Alennikov S.G., Teplinskij Yu.A., Bykov I.Yu. Methods of the evaluating of the operational efficiency of the technological pipelines. Under general edition of the doctor of technical Sciences (PhD), Professor I.Yu. Bykov. Moscow, Centr LitNefteGaz LLC, 2008, 272 p. (In Russian)
Kunina P.S., Pavlenko P.P., Velichko E.I. Diagnostics of power equipment of pipeline transport of oil and gas. Krasnodar, Publishing house Yug, 2010, 552 p. (In Russian)
Polyakov A.V., Stepanov M.S., Dubov V.V. The evaluation of the technical condition of machines for the collection and preparation of production wells, which terms of use have finished at the area of Krasnodar region. Neft. Gaz. Novatsii = Oil. Gas. Innovations, 2014, No. 5, P. 32–36. (In Russian)

For citation:
Kunina P.S., Velichko E.I., Prikhodko M.G., Nizhnik A.E. The Development of The Modern Methods of Diagnostics of Welded Joints of Storage Tanks for Oil and Oil Products Using The Method of Ultrasonic Control. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 18–21. (In Russian)

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» New Technology of Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements from Line-Scan to The Many Circuit Methods of The Digital Focusing Using Antenna Array

The article describes the technologies and means of the ultrasonic thickness measurements of the main metal and welded joints such as continuous ultrasonic thickness measurement of the main metal of pipelines with the use of the antenna arrays, ultrasonic thickness measurements of welded joints by TOFD (Time-of-flight diffraction) with applying of antenna arrays, ultrasonic thickness measurements of welded joints by the method of digital antenna focusing with the creation of the profile of the bottom surface. The technology and control means allow carrying out thickness measurements of the control objects with non-equidistant surfaces (for example, welded connections) with data recording control. While using the thickness measurement of the welded joints the control of that and the welded area is performing. According to the thickness measurement using specialized software, they get the thickness card of the control objects. The results of measurements with the usage of the developed technologies for the test pieces with artificial defects and with the real erosion-corrosion wear are shown in that article. The paper also describes prospects of development of the thickness measurement technology of the main metal and the welded joints. The developed technologies allow early detection of the corrosion, the displacement of the edges, thinning, sagging, thickness variation, etc. while inspecting the objects with non-equidistant external and internal surfaces and allow measuring the geometric parameters of the inner surface. The proposed technology can be widely used in ultrasonic defectoscopy of pipelines and other steel structures in nuclear power, infrastructure of oil and gas transportation, chemical engineering, shipbuilding with the control of main metal and welded joints.

Keywords: antenna array, digital antenna focusing (DAF), ultrasonic thickness measurement of welded joints, ultrasonic thickness measurement of welded joints by TOFD method, the linear scan, TOFD.

Authors:

V.V. Pronin, NPTS ECHO+ ООО (LTD) (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Patent RU № 2560754. The method of ultrasonic control of the profile of the inner surface of products with unequal surfaces. Authors: E.G. Bazulin, A.H. Vopilkin, D.S. Tikhonov, V.V. Pronin. The patent holder: NPTS ECHO+ OOO (LTD). (In Russian)
Bazulin E.G., Kokolev S.A., Golubev A.S. The application of an ultrasonic antenna array for registering echo signals by the double scanning method to obtain images of the defects. Defektoskopiya = Defectoscopy, 2009, No. 7, P. 18–32. (In Russian)

For citation:
Pronin V.V. New Technology of Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements from Line-Scan to The Many Circuit Methods of The Digital Focusing Using Antenna Array. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 28–33. (In Russian)

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» Sealing Packages of The Bearings in Roller Cone Bits for High Speed Drilling

The article presents the results of the work area focused on improvement of the sealing packages of the roller cone bits for high speed drilling. Long term experience of running low speed bits with sealed oil filled bearings demonstrated that even with such rotation speeds seals remain the most critical area limiting the bit durability. Based on the analysis of the designs of the sealing packages as well as main reasons resulting in loss of sealing in the bearing assembly of the roller cone bits during high speed drilling, it was determined that one of the options of upgrading the seal life is the decrease of the frictional moment of the seal. The seal located in the bit bearing possesses certain axial dimensions, therefore for its installation it is required to reduce the axial dimensions of the bearing. However, reduction of the axial dimensions of the bearings lowers their carrying capacity. In view of this axial dimensions of the seals must be as low as reasonably possible. Also, increase in their radial dimensions is undesirable because it results in increase in the friction radius and leads to enhancement of the frictional moment. Having said that, it is also necessary that the seal should be inexpensive when manufacturing and assembling the bit. The seal cost increase must be economically feasible, and its durability must exceed the bearing durability only in a minor way. It was determined that a considerable drawback of end seals and end-radial seals is interrelation of their operating practice and depreciation due to the wear of axial bearings where end play of the cone increases. When moving the cone onto the journal the pressure in the end contact increases resulting in the grow of the moment in the seal. At reverse motion of the cone the pressure in the end sealing contact decreases that may become the reason for the seal failure of the end joint and leak of the fluid in to the bearing. On the ground of the carried investigations a few options of the sealing systems have been developed. The offered designs of the sealing packages will allow, on the one hand, to increase the reliability of the bearing sealing systems, on the other hand, to simplify their designs as compared to the existing conventional prototypes and thereby to decrease the manufacturing cost of the roller cone bit.

Keywords: roller cone bit, bearing assembly, sealing element.

Authors:

O.G. Blinkov, e-mail: blinkovog@gmail.com; The Ural Federal University named after the first president of Russia Boris N. Eltsin (Ekaterinburg, Russia). The Russian Geological Society (Moscow, Russia).

N.I. Serdyuk, e-mail: kafedra_tkon@mail.ru

References:

Serikov D.Yu., Panin N.M., Ageeva V.N. The improving the system of sealing of bearing rollers of rock bits. Stroitelstvo neftyanykh i gazovykh skvazhin na sushe i na more = Construction of oil and gas wells on land and at sea, 2016, No. 4, P. 16–19. (In Russian)
Compactions and packing technique: A reference book, ed. by A.I. Golubeva and L.A. Kondakova. Moscow, Machine engineering, 1986, P. 112–115. (In Russian)
Voronkov B.D. Dry friction bearings. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie, 1968, 140 pp. (In Russian)
Gantemirov B.M. The friction and deterioration of filled fluoroplastiс in dynamic loading conditions. The abstract of the dissertation of the candidate of sciences. Moscow, 1983, 21 pp. (In Russian)
Mityurev E.A. The enhancing of the performance of rock bits by improving system sealing their supporting structures. The dissertation of the candidate of sciences. Ufa, 1979, 189 pp. (In Russian)
Blinkov O.G. The ways of the improving of the efficiency of rock bits. The dissertation of the candidate of sciences. Moscow, 2007. (In Russian)

For citation:
Blinkov O.G., Serdyuk N.I. Sealing Packages of The Bearings in Roller Cone Bits for High Speed Drilling. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 12–16. (In Russian)

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» The Reduction of Professional Risks in The Maintenance of Pumps of Natural Gas at Compressor Stations

The article discusses the issues associated with the necessity to reduce professional risks at compressor stations. It is mentioned that the impact of the high intensity noise on the human may cause emergencies due to the reduction of employee’s concentration who work on hazardous production facilities. The origin of the noise was determined. The results of research were shown directed to the possibility to reduce the noise by the modification the technological parameters of the noise sources and the technological characteristics of natural gas pumps.

Keywords: natural gas pumps, compressor station, risk of professional diseases, noise reduction.

Authors:

A.L. Terekhov, e-mail: A_Terekhov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru; Gazprom VNIIGAS LLC (Moscow, Russia).

A.M. Sementsev, e-mail: A_Sementsev@vniigaz.gazprom.ru, Gazprom VNIIGAS LLC (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Malyshev D.V. The method of a comprehensive assessment of professional risk. Problemy analiza riska = Problems of risk analysis, 2008, Vol. 5, No. 3, P. 40–59. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L. The improving of the safety of the staff in the introduction of measures to reduce the noise at the enterprises of the gas industry. Trud i social’nye otnosheniya = The labour and social relations, 2016, No. 1, P. 117–131. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L., Safonov A.L. The improving of the safety of production processes by reducing the noise in conduits. Trud i social’nye otnosheniya = The labour and social relations, 2016, No. 4, P. 163–173. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L., Drobaha M.N. Modern methods of reducing the noise of turbo-compressor units. Edited by R.O. Samsonov. Saint-Petersburg, Nedra, 2008. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L. The noise of gas pumping units at compressor stations of main gas pipelines and the ways of its reducing. Moscow, VNIIGAZ LLC, 2003. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L., Vlasov E.N. The noise reduction at compressor stations of main gas pipelines. Moscow, Publishing center Gazprom LLC, 2005. (In Russian)
Minaev D.A. The improvement of the efficiency of the methods of noise reduction of centrifugal pumps at compressor stations of main gas pipelines. The abstract of the dissertation of the candidate of sciences. Moscow, 2010, 23 pp. (In Russian)
Terekhov A.L., Sulin V.A., Kotishevskiy G.V. The overview of technical solutions for noise reduction at the enterprises of gas production and transportation. The materials of the International acoustic conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of E.Y. Yudin' birth. Moscow: Publishing house of Bauman Moscow state technical university, 2014, P. 257–267. (In Russian)

For citation:
Terekhov A.L., Sementsev A.M. The Reduction of Professional Risks in The Maintenance of Pumps of Natural Gas at Compressor Stations. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 64–67. (In Russian)

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» Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Carboxymethylcellulose and Nanoparticles (Al and Cu) For Enhanced Oil Recovery

The possibility of using polymer nanocomposites based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose and nanoparticles of Al and Cu with the size of 50–70 nm as an agent for the displacement of residual and hard-to-recover oil reserves is studied. Polymer nanocomposites are shown to be more effective as an oil displacement agent than sodium carboxymethylcellulose which is used to increase oil production. The viscosity of oil displacement solution can be increased by varying the concentration of carboxymethylcellulose and nanoparticles. The dynamic viscosity of the solutions of CMC and polymer nanocomposites based on CMC and metal nanoparticles (Al and Cu) of various concentrations was determined. It was found that the polymer nanocomposite with Al nanoparticles at identical concentrations has a higher dynamic viscosity than its analogue with Cu nanoparticles. Experiments were carried out at the facility simulating the reservoir model. Sand, which served as a filler in the model, and an oil, were taken from the same well of Bibi-heybat oilfield, Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. The effective concentration of the solution of carboxymethylcellulose and nanoparticles as an oil displacement agent is determined using the experimental data obtained. The obtained results show that the nanopowders of metals have different effect on oil displacement factor. Polymer nanocomposites with Al nanopowder with the size of 50–70 nm is more effective for an oil displacement than its analogue with Cu nanoparticles.

Keywords: sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polymer nanocomposites, method of polymer flooding, oil displacing solution

Authors:

V.M. Shamilov, Nanotechnologies Department, SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) (Baku, Azerbaijan Republic).

E.R. Babayev, e-mail: Elbey.Babayev@socar.az; Institute of Chemistry of Additives, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku, Azerbaijan Republic).

N.F. Aliyeva, Nanotechnologies Department, SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) (Baku, Azerbaijan Republic).

References:

Milovidov K.N., Kolchanova T.I. World practice of EOR. Neftepromyslovoe delo = Oilfield Engineering, 2002, No. 8, P. 46–48. (In Russian)
Abidin A.Z., Puspasari T., Nugroho W.A. Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery Technology. Procedia Chemistry, 4 (2012), P. 11–16.
Fedorova A.F., Shits Ye.Yu., Portnyagin A.S. Study of The Possibility of Using Polymer Solutions as Oil Displacement Agent on Deposits With Abnormally Low Reservoir Temperatures [Electronic resourse]. Access mode: http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Fyodorova/Fyodorova_2.pdf (Access date: 25.03.2017).
Larry W., Lake, R.J., Bill Rossen & Gary Pope. Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery, 2014, 496 pp.
Yusifzadeh Kh.B. The Current State of Oil and Gas Industry and Future Perspectives. Azerbaijan Oil Industry, 2016, No. 1, P. 10–15.
Shamilov V.M., Babayev E.R. Development of Multifunctional Composite Mixtures Based on Water-Soluble Surfactant, Polymer and Metallic Nanopowder as Agents of Oil Displacement. Territorija NEFTEGAZ = Oil And Gas Territory, 2016, No. 6, P. 60–63. (In Russian)
Suleimanov B.A., Ismailov F.S., Veliyev E.F., Dyshin O.A. The Influence of Light Metal Nanoparticles on The Strength of Polymer Gels Used in Oil Industry. SOCAR Proceedings, 2013, No. 2, P. 24–28.
Kovtun G.P., Veryovkin A.L. Nanomaterials: Technologies and Materials Science. National Scientific Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, 2010. (In Russian)
Egorova E.M., Revina A.A., Rostovschikova T.N., Kiseleva O.I. Germicidal and Catalytic Properties of Stable Metal Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles. Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin, Ser. 2: Khimiya = Chemistry, 2001, Vol. 42, No. 5, P. 332–338. (In Russian)

For citation:
Shamilov V.M., Babayev E.R., Aliyeva N.F. Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Carboxymethylcellulose and Nanoparticles (Al and Cu) For Enhanced Oil Recovery. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 34–38. (In Russian)

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» The Usage of Insulated Lift Pipes in Oil and Gas Industry

The article presents a brief history of the creation of industrial technologies of thermal insulation of the type «termocase». The experience of creating and industrial production of insulated lift tubes (ILT) with screen-vacuum insulation in the Russian enterprise. The actuality of the usage of ILT in the upstream process of oil and gas is proved. The experience of the ILT usage at the Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate deposit to prevent melting of permafrost rocks (PR) around shaft of well bore. The thermophysical and operational characteristics of insulated lift pipes and the requirements for Gazprom PJSC to the ILT productivity are presented. The article discusses the ILT application issues to prevent the paraffin precipitation and hydrate formation in the lift column. There are diagrams of oil production using the ILT. The usage of ILT for the hot water or steam injection into the well during the process of upstream of high viscosity oil. The actuality of ILT usage in marine wells is proved.

Keywords: Cryogenic storage dewar, termocase, insulated lift pipes, permafrost rock, thermophysical properties, thermal conductivity, screen-vacuum insulation, hydrates formation in a well, paraffin precipitation.

Authors:

V.Yu. Artemenkov; Gazprom PJSC (Saint-Petersburg, Russia).

B.A. Erekhinskiy, e-mail: B.Erekhinskiy@adm.gazprom.ru; Gazprom PJSC (Saint-Petersburg, Russia).

I.A. Zaryaev, Skvazhinnye termotekhnologii LTD (Neftekamsk, Bashkortostan Republic, Russia).

References:

Volkov V.A., Vonskiy E.V., Kuznecova G.I. Outstanding chemists of the world. Moscow, High school, 1991, 656 pp. (In Russian)
Khramov Yu.A. Physicists: the biographical reference book. Moscow, Science, 1983, 400 pp. (In Russian)
Osokin A.B., Smolov G.K., Vitchenko A.S., Vasileva A.O. The stability supply of producing wells in especially difficult geocryological conditions of the Bovanenkovo oil and gas condensate deposit: the report of Gazprom dobycha Nadym LLC. Nadym, 2016. (In Russian)
Kudinov V.I., Savelev V.A., Golovina T.I. Economical efficiency of introduction of thermal methods of enhancement oil recovery at the deposits of Udmurtneft JSC. Geologiya nefti i gaza = Geology of oil and gas, 1998, No. 5, P. 2–11. (In Russian)

For citation:
Artemenkov V.Yu., Erekhinskiy B.A., Zaryaev I.A. The Usage of Insulated Lift Pipes in Oil and Gas Industry. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 40–44. (In Russian)

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» Ways of Improving Efficiency of The Gas Treatment in The Yamburgskoe Oil and Gas-Condensate Field Under Process Restrictions

Gas treatment for transportation to Gas Treatment Plant UKPG-1B of the Yamburgskoe oil and gas condensate field is performed as per the field low-temperature absorption technology. A group of wells with significantly higher formation pressure than the existing ones is expected to be brought into the operation in the near future. This fact and also some other process restrictions determine the need of looking for the ways of improving the efficiency of gas field treatment. One of the efficiency factors of the gas treatment is condensate yield. For defining the quantitative influence of the temperature and pressure parameters in the low-temperature absorber and output pressure of BCS (Booster Compressor Station) on the quantity and quality of commercial yield the authors used a simplified model of the Gas Treatment Plant UKPG-1B, made in the system of process simulation HYSYS and describing an average process line. The parameters of the line were set equal to the average values of the same-type systems of all the process lines. Conclusions made upon the results of calculation of the commercial yield of the Gas Treatment Plant (commercial gas and unstable condensate) for various options of the equipment process mode are provided in the paper. The calculation results were also estimated from the point of content of the target components in the products of the Gas Treatment Plant. Based on the calculations the authors made conclusions on the necessity of reconstruction of the process pump house for ensuring efficient operation of the equipment of the Gas Treatment Plant and for fulfillment of the requirements of the industry gas quality standard in the near future.

Keywords: HYSYS process simulation systems, Integrated Gas Treatment Plant model, field low-temperature absorption.

Authors:

D.A. Rychkov, e-mail: Rychkov@tngg.ru; TyumenNIIgiprogaz LLC (Tyumen, Russia).

V.V. Prytkov, e-mail: Prytkov@tngg.ru; TyumenNIIgiprogaz LLC (Tyumen, Russia).

A.N. Efimov, e-mail: A.Efimov@ygd.gazprom.ru; Gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC (Novy Urengoy, Russia)

D.A. Yakhontov, e-mail: D.Yahontov@ygd.gazprom.ru; Gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC (Novy Urengoy, Russia)

T.F. Kadyrov, e-mail: T.Kadyrov@ygd.gazprom.ru, Gazprom dobycha Yamburg LLC (Novy Urengoy, Russia)

References:

The standardization system 089-2010 of JSC Gazprom. Flammable natural gas supplied and transported by magistral gas pipelines. (In Russian)

For citation:
Rychkov D.A., Prytkov V.V., Efimov A.N., Yakhontov D.A., Kadyrov T.F. Ways of Improving Efficiency of The Gas Treatment in The Yamburgskoe Oil and Gas-Condensate Field Under Process Restrictions. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 68–73. (In Russian)

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» Mathematical Modeling of ESP in Producing Wells with High Gas Factor Based on Field Research

In this paper you can see the problem of a large proportion of free gas at intake of the downhole pumping equipment for oil production. We have given the results of field tests of the electric centrifugal pump units (ESPs). The purpose and objectives of research were evaluation the efficiency of the pumps in a well with a large gas-oil ratio. One of the objectives was testing the limits of applicability of the technology to gas-protect modules for ESP. The composition of the test object for the first producer, «electric submersible pump (with inclined-rotor steps) – multiphase pump – gas separator», for the second producer: «electric submersible pump – multiphase pump – dual gas separator». These units were alternately lowered into the well to pilot testing. The overall picture of field research showed that ESP two producers have worked well in the test with the content of free gas at the receiving gas separator grid for more than 95 % by volume. Gas-oil ratio for the test period was reached 1350 m3/m3, when a pressure at the reception was ≈40 atm. Estimated volume – consumption gas content at intake equipment before the separation equal to 96–97 %. The paper sets out the existing solutions in the field of operation of submersible centrifugal pumps with high gas content tested on a field. The author has prepared a mathematical model of the production well with ESP. The model allowed us to estimate the degree of deformation of the pressure-flow rate characteristics of downhole pumping systems at the operating point, hold the nodal analysis of the well. The two most important parameter in evaluating the operating conditions of the ESP in the case of high gas factor – are free gas content in the gas mixture and flow separation in the reception conditions. In this paper you can see the results of calculations of the volume – consumption gas content in equipment units. The calculation was made based on the natural separation method by Lyapkov P.D. and Marquez. In a field to assess the overall gas separation annulus of the well test was connected with the flowout line of neighboring wells. The study allowed measuring the flow rate of gas entering the annulus and separately estimate the amount of gas supplied from the tubing.

Keywords: free gas separation, high gas factor, field research, oil production.

Authors:

R.S. Khalikov, e-mail: Ruslan_khalikov@mail.ru, Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin» (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Bedrin V.G., Hasanov M.M., Habibullin R.A., Krasnov V.A., Pashali A.A., Litvinenko K.V., Elichev V.A., Prado M. Compare EСP (Electric centrifugal pump) technology for work with a large gas content in the pump based of field tests. SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117414-RU (Access date: 23.03.2017). (In Russian)
Anufriev S.N., Kaplan A.L., Pogorelov S.V. The experience of operation of electric centrifugal pumps in extreme environments in the deposits of Gazpromneft-Noyabrskneftegaz LLC. Inzhenernaya praktika = Engineering practice, 2011, No. 2, P. 16–17. (In Russian)
Drozdov A.N. Research of pump characteristics when gas-liquid mixtures are pumped; and the application of the obtained results for the development of water and gas impact technologies. Neftyanoe khozyaistvo = Oil industry, 2011, No. 9, P. 108–111. (In Russian)
Bikbulatov S.M., Pashali A.A. The analysis and choice of methods of calculating the pressure gradient in the wellbore. Neftegazovoe delo = Oil and gas business, 2005, No. 2, P. 1–12. (In Russian)
Brill J.P., Mukergi H., Multiphase flow in wells. Moscow – Izhevsk, Institute of computer research, 2006, P. 277–314. (In Russian)
Kanaevskaya R.D. Mathematical modelling of hydrodynamic processes of hydrocarbon deposits development. Moscow – Izhevsk, Institute of computer research, 2002, P. 22–23. (In Russian)
Lyapkov P.D. Selection of submersible centrifugal pump to the well. Moscow, MING, 1987, 71 pp. (In Russian)
Mishchenko I.T. Downhole oil production. Moscow, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 2015, P. 210–230. (In Russian)
Pashali A.A. Algorithms and mathematical model of optimization of wells operation modes in conditions of high gas factor – dis. of the Candidate of Sciences. Ufa, 2011, 192 pp. (In Russian)
Ansari A.M., Sylvester N.D., Sarica C., Shoham O., Brill J.P. A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. SPE Production & Facilities. May, 1994, P. 143–152.
Beggs H.D., Brill J.P. A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes. JPT, May, 1973, P. 607–617.
Brill J.P., Mukherjee H. Multiphase Flow in Wells. SPE Monograph, Vol. 17, Richardson, Texas, 1999.
Marquez R. Modeling Downhole Natural Separation. PhD dissertation, The University of Tulsa, Oklahoma, 2004.

For citation:
Khalikov R.S. Mathematical Modeling of ESP in Producing Wells with High Gas Factor Based on Field Research. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 54–62. (In Russian)

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» Optimization of Evaluation Standards of Acceptability of Weld Defects Detected by Radiographic Inspection

The sectoral regulatory documents don’t contain the classification criteria for discontinuities detected on the results of radiographic testing. This reduces the accuracy of the results of non-destructive testing, and increases the causeless repairs of welds. In addition, the different rejection rates for the types of defects identified by the analysis of their x-ray projections reduce the repeatability of testing results. Thus, now is vital the changing of quality criteria by the establishing of unambiguous rules for the image classification to a certain type of discontinuity. To create the common standards for the defects of different types but with similar radiographic images, were carried out: computer simulations of the main pipelines’ welded joints with defects under operation loading; mechanical tests on samples cut from the welded joints; tests of full-scale specimens for durability, simulating the 30-year operation of a pipeline. The results obtained allowed to optimize the rejection rates for such types of defects as «lack of fusion», «slag inclusion», «pore» and «chain of pores» in the circumferential welds with regard to the destruction risk and detectability by the radiographic testing.

Keywords: welded joints, radiographic testing, computer simulation, full-scale samples, durability.

Authors:

O.I. Philippov; Transneft PJSC (Moscow, Russia).

O.I. Kolesnikov; Laboratory of welding and nondestructive testing, Transneft Natural research institute LLC (Moscow, Russia).

A.S. Kurkin, e-mail: ackurkin@mail.ru, FAU (Federal Autonomous Institution) Scientific-educational center «Welding and control» at Bauman State Technical University (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Aleshin N.P., Galkin D.I., Kolesnikov O.I., Sorokin A.S. Statistical evaluation of the results of decoding of radiographic pictures of welded joints. Svarka i diagnistika = Welding and diagnostics, 2015, No. 1, P. 11–14. (In Russian)
Aleshin N.P., Galkin D.I. Standards improvement of quality evaluation according to the results of radiographic control of welded joints of pipelines. Svarka i diagnistika = Welding and diagnostics, 2015, No. 4, P. 39–42. (In Russian)
Kurkin A.S., Makarov E.L. Method of calculating terms of usage of welded structures with defects. Svarka i diagnistika = Welding and diagnostics, 2012, No. 5, P. 41–44. (In Russian)
ВСН (VSN) 012-88-2. The construction of main and commercial pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work. (In Russian)
РД (RD) 25.160.10-KTH-016-15. Main pipeline transport of petroleum and oil products. Non-destructive control of welded joints in the construction and maintenance of pipelines. (In Russian)

For citation:
Philippov O.I., Kolesnikov O.I., Kurkin A.S. Optimization of Evaluation Standards of Acceptability of Weld Defects Detected by Radiographic Inspection. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 84–89. (In Russian)

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» Features of Brittle Destruction of Vertical Steel Welded Tanks

Brittle fracture (BF) of weld vertical steel tanks (VST) occurs when the external voltage is below the yield point due to the elastic energy, mainly of residual stress, with the climatic temperature of welded assembly joints. It is random process, not repeatable in the laboratory. The fragile sections of the weld zones of the lower wall contribute to its implementation. The original defect that can be classified as a crack at the point of BF appearance isn't detected. The crystallographic brittle destruction of the crystal(s) happens in one of the lower belts, which turns into an unstable fracture. Neither the contraction nor the growing precedes the BF appearance without which the Griffiths equation doesn’t describes the conditions of transformation of stable crack into unstable, i.e. the equation is pointless. This is a random process. The BF of welded laboratory sample occurs only at a voltage exceeding the yield strength, and the temperature, which is much lower, then the climate one. It is a reliable process that is realized at the expense of the potential energy of the test machine. The contraction and growth of the top is precedes to the transformation of artificial incision into an unstable crack of a laboratory sample, with a voltage exceeding т. The BF of the laboratory sample does not model the BF of VST, it is a reliable process.

Keywords: steel brittleness, destruction mechanic, transient temperature, unstable fracture, welded tank.

Authors:

I.M. Rosenstein, Scientific-production enterprise Fort (Podolsk, Russia).

References:

Rosenstein I. M. Accidents and the reliability of steel tanks. Moscow, Nedra, 1995, 253 pp. (In Russian)
Rosenstein I.M. Features of brittle destruction of welded steel constructions. Zavodskaya laboratoriya = Facility laboratory, 2007, No. 3,
P. 53–57. (In Russian)
GOST 25.506-85. The calculations and strength tests. Methods of mechanical testing of metals. The determination of crack resistance characteristics (fracture viscosity) under static loading. (In Russian)
ST SEV 3972-83. The reliability of structures and bases. Steel constructions. The main points for the calculation. (In Russian)
Popovskij B.V., Filippov V.V., Yakovleva S.P., Rozenshtein I.M. Local heat treatment of welded joints of vertical steel tanks for storage of petroleum products. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = The labor safety in the industry, 2012, No. 8, P. 72–74. (In Russian)

For citation:
Rosenstein I.M. Features of Brittle Destruction of Vertical Steel Welded Tanks. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 90–96. (In Russian)

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» The Persistence of Floating Oil and Gas Marine Systems, Designed for Operation in The Arctic Zone

Technology of provision of the safety of workers and oil production equipment in offshore deposits is always improved. Currently at the area of the Arctic shelf, floating oil and gas complexes of marine type (FOC MT) are widely used. They have a higher survivability compared to semi-submersible platforms due to the increased stability and buoyancy. Complexes of such type allow applying various methods of dealing with emergencies and accidents, the use of which on the platforms of other types is impossible. However, due to the fact that FOC MT are primarily tankers or have a marine type body, they also have a number of disadvantages associated with their design features. The article describes in detail the structure of FOC MT and analyzes the existing methods of security on the board of the complex and the prevention measures of emergency situations, examples of methods and technologies used by various companies in the Northern seas. According to the results of the analysis the recommendations were given for increasing values of the parameter of FOC MT survivability, also the main aspects were identified on which you should pay attention to when designing FOC MT. The particular attention was paid to the various fire safety measures due to the high size of the specific fuel load compared with other types of ships, that load value increases the risk of fire and as a result, requires the availability of appropriate fire-fighting systems. Finally, it is concluded that due to the difficult conditions of Northern seas FOC ST involved in the development of the Arctic shelf should have an increased survivability and be able to ensure safe and prompt evacuation of the staff and crew of the complex in the case of emergencies that can not be eliminated.

Keywords: floating oil and gas complex of marine type, Arctic shelf, safety, survivability, accidents, protection.

Authors:

Yu.A. Kharchenko, e-mail: doc.2004.8@yandex.ru; Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin» (Moscow, Russia).

R.M. Ter-Sarkisov; Institute Of Oil And Gas Problems Of The Russian Academy Of Sciences (Moscow, Russia).

P.K. Kalashnikov, e-mail: kalashnikov_pk@bk.ru, Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) named after I.M. Gubkin» (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Development Of Productive Technologies And Organizational And Technological Projects For The Construction Of FPSO Vessels. Research work «LNG base». Access mode: http://rgmt.spb.ru/catalog/upload/files/Baza_SPG.pdf (Access date: 12.01.2017). (In Russian)
The Manual Of Survivability Struggle Of The Vessels Of Ministry of Inland Navigation Fleet Of The Russian Federation – The Manual. RosConsult, 2004. (In Russian)
Davison, Ian. Maersk Ngujima-Yin FPSO, Down Man Of Non-Essential Personnel Due To Loss Of Emergency Power. Maersk FPSO’s, 2008. Access mode: http://www.drillsafe.org.au/12-08_pres/DrillSafe_Forum_Dec08_MAERSK_Ian_Davidson_FPSO_Power_Interrup... (Access date: 12.01.2017).
Clark, Judy. Canada's Terra Nova Field To Get Ice-Resistant FPSO This Fall. Oil and Gas Journal, 2001. Access mode: http://www.ogj.com/articles/2001/05/canadas-terra-nova-field-to-get-ice-resistant-fpso-this-fall.htm... (Access date: 12.01.2017).

For citation:
Kharchenko Yu.A., Ter-Sarkisov R.M. , Kalashnikov P.K. The Persistence of Floating Oil and Gas Marine Systems, Designed for Operation in The Arctic Zone. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2017, No. 3, P. 74–78. (In Russian)

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Territorija Neftegas № 3 2017

Read in this issue:

Anticorrosive protection

Diagnosis

Drilling

OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

Oil & gas preparation

PUMPS COMPRESSORS

Welding

Fields Development and operation installation

Territorija Neftegas № 3 2017

Read in this issue:

Anticorrosive protection

Diagnosis

Drilling

OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

Oil & gas preparation

PUMPS COMPRESSORS

Welding

﻿Fields Development and operation installation

Fields Development and operation installation