Территория Нефтегаз № 4 2015

» Why does cathodic protection fail to activate at big-inch gas pipelines

As it can be observed from the experience of gas-main pipelines operation, pipes metal corrosion, especially stress corrosion, takes place despite the pipeline cathodic protection. It is very hard to prevent corrosion failure of the main pipeline, since corrosion is a natural process, which is reverse to artificial metallurgical one. Even in presence of cathodic protection electrochemical and biocorrosive processes activate in areas of big-inch gas pipeline insulation coating damage. Stress corrosion takes place under impulse temperature exposure impact, which manifests itself in two ways: from the side of the transported gas in the form of impulse pressure exposure and from the side of the soil, the pipeline is in contact with, also in an impulse manner, by activation of elecrochemical corrosive processes of collapse, deteriorating the pipe’s strength. Comprehensive efforts to establish causes of stress corrosion development at big-inch gas pipelines and to develop process measures and activities against its manifestations conducted by Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines Department of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University together with Gazprom Transgaz Ufa JSC after a series of failures at gas pipelines of the Urengoy corridor in 1997, made it possible to prove that the peak of soil ground corrosive activeness coincides with operational temperatures around 30–33 0С. As a result of laboratory research of soils corrosive activity conducted on the physical model, it has been established that corrosion losses of metal in the impulse temperature mode exceed metal losses at stable temperature of samples by 6.8–11.2 times. It has been established that the sensitivity threshold, at which non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes attenuate, is determined by 0.2 0С temperature variation for clay soils. In order to steady stress corrosion development at gas pipelines it is necessary to perform two activities, first - leaving the hazardous temperature range of operational temperatures and the second - stabilizing temperature modes

Keywords: big-inch gas pipelines, unstable modes, stress corrosion, biocorrosion.

Authors:

N.A. Garris, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (Ufa, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), professor, Head of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machines Department, e-mail: nina_garris@mail.ru

References:

1. Garris N.A., Ismagilov I.G., Askarov G.R., Gabdrakhmanov A.A. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie pod naprjazheniem (KRN) – javlenie sinergeticheskoe [Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a synergetic phenomenon]. Prikladnaja sinergetika – II. Trudy mezhdunarodnoj nauch.-tehn. konferencii, posvjashhennoj pamjati Il’i Prigozhina = Applied synergetics – II. Works of the International Research and Technology Conference dedicated to the memory of Ilya Prigozhin. Ufa, Publishing House of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 2004. Vol. 2. P. 130–133.
2. Asadullin M.Z., Askarov R.M., Terebilov Yu.V., Askarov G.R. et al. Izoljacionnoe pokrytie novogo pokolenija «ASMOL» i ego modifikacija – lenta «LIAM» [A new generation insulation coating ASMOL and its modification – LIAM tape]. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom LLC, 2003. 46 pp.
3. Sergeyeva T.K., Turkovskaya Ye.P., Mikhailov N.P., Chistyakov A.I. Sostojanie problemy stress-korrozii v stranah SNG i za rubezhom [Stress corrosion issue status in CIS countries and abroad]. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom LLC, 1997. 89 pp.
4. GOST R 51164-98. Truboprovody stal’nye magistral’nye. Obshhie trebovanija k zashhite ot korrozii [Steel main pipelines. General requirements for corrosion protection]. Moscow, State Standard of Russia 1998. 46 pp.
5. Dolganov M.L., Petrov N.G., Dolganova Ye.N. Analiz sostojanija protivokorrozionnoj zashhity magistral’nyh gazoprovodov i gazopromyslovyh ob’ektov otrasli [Analysis of corrosion protection of main gas pipelines and gas field facilities of the industry]. Informacionno-analiticheskie sistemy ocenki i prognozirovanija opasnosti korrozii i jeffektivnosti protivokorrozionnoj zashhity i novye netradicionnye tehnologii kompleksnoj zashhity = Information analytical systems of evaluating and forecasting the corrosion hazard and efficiency of corrosion protection, new unconventional methods of complex protection. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom LLC, 2004. P. 7–26.
6. Medvedev V.N., Kuznetsov V.V., Shapiro V.D. et al. Analiz avarijnosti gazoprovodov po prichine stress-korrozii [Analysis of main gas pipelines rate of failures due to stress corrosion]. Osobennosti projavlenija KRN na magistral’nyh gazoprovodah OAO «Gazprom». Metody diagnostiki, sposoby remonta defektov i puti predotvrashhenija KRN: Materialy otraslevogo soveshhanija OAO «Gazprom» (Uhta, 11–15 nojabrja 2002 g.) = Specific features of stress corrosion cracking at main gas pipelines of Gazprom JSC. Methods of diagnostics, means of defects repair and ways to prevent stress corrosion cracking: Industry-Wide Meeting Materials, Gazprom JSC (Ukhta, November 11–15, 2002). Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom LLC, 2003. Part 1. 180 pp.
7. Khallyev N.Kh., Budzulyak B.V., Alimov S.V. et al. Kapital’nyj remont linejnoj chasti magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Overhaul of the linear portion of main gas pipelines]. Moscow, MAKS PRESS, 2011. 205 pp.
8. Sidorochev M.Ye., Yesiev T.S., Ryakhovskikh I.V., Zorin N.Ye. Analiz stress-korrozionnogo sostojanija tehnologicheskih truboprovodov KS i metodika ih tehnicheskogo diagnostirovanija [Analysis of stress corrosion state of the Booster Station process pipelines and methods of their technological diagnostics]. Gazovaja promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2010, No. 9. P. 48–51.
9. Ismagilov I.G., Asadullin M.Z., Askarov R.M., Garris N.A. Snizhenie aktivnosti processov KRN magistral’nyh gazoprovodov putem sovershenstvovanija tehnologicheskih operacij [Diminishing the activeness of stress corrosion cracking processes by technological operations improvement]. Nauka i tehnika v gazovoj promyshlennosti = Science and Technology in Gas Industry, 2002, No. 3. P. 12–15.
10. Garris N.A. Resursosberegajushhie tehnologii pri magistral’nom transporte gaza [Resource saving technologies for long distance gas transportation]. Saint-Petersburg, Nedra LLC, 2009. 368 pp.
11. Garris N.A. Vlijanie nestabil’nosti teplogidravlicheskih rezhimov magistral’nogo gazoprovoda na ego tehnicheskoe sostojanie [Impact of unstable thermohydraulic modes of main gas pipeline on its technical condition]. Transport i hranenie nefteproduktov i uglevodorodnogo syr’ja = Petroleum products and hydrocarbon crude transport and storage, 2009, No. 4–5. P. 10–13.
12. Garris N.A., Askarov G.R. Novyj podhod k resheniju problemy stress-korrozii na truboprovodah bol’shogo diametra [A new approach to big-inch pipelines stress corrosion problem solving]. Neftegazovoe delo = Oil and Gas Engineering, 2004, No. 2. P. 137–142.
13. Garris N., Askarov G. Aktivizacija korrozionnyh processov na magistral’nyh gazoprovodah bol’shogo diametra pri impul’snom izmenenii temperatury [Activation of corrosive processes at big-inch main gas pipelines at impulse temperature change]. Neftegazovoe delo: jelektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal = Oil and Gas Engineering: electronic scientific journal, 2006, No. 1. Access mode: http://ogbus.ru/authors/Garris/Garris_5.pdf.
14. Garris N.A., Ismagilov I.G., Bakhtegareeva A.N. Izmenenie teplofizicheskih harakteristik grunta vokrug gazoprovoda bol’shogo diametra kak prichina aktivizacii korrozionnyh processov [Change of thermal and physical characteristics of soil around big-inch main gas pipelines as a cause of corrosive processes activation]. Neftegazovoe delo: jelektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal = Oil and Gas Engineering: electronic scientific journal, 2010, No. 1. Access mode: http://ogbus.ru/authors/Garris/Garris_6.pdf.
15. Gareyev A.G., Ivanov I.A., Abdullin I.G. et al. Prognozirovanie korrozionno-mehanicheskih razrushenij magistral’nyh truboprovodov [Forecasting corrosivemechanical damage to main pipelines]. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom LLC, 1997. 171 pp.
16. Mironova O.N., Garris N.A., Shirgazina R.Z. Opredelenie poroga chuvstvitel’nosti korrozionnyh processov k kolebanijam temperatury gazoprovoda [Determining the corrosion processes threshold of sensitivity to gas pipeline temperature fluctuation]. Transport i hranenie nefteproduktov i uglevodorodnogo syr’ja = Petroleum products and hydrocarbon crude transport and storage, 2012, Issue 3. P. 32–35.
17. Askarov G.R., Garris N.A., Mironova O.N. Zavisimost’ aktivnosti processa podzemnoj korrozii ot srednej temperatury pri nestabil’nom temperaturnom rezhime truboprovoda [Dependence of the subsurface corrosion activeness from the average temperature in the unstable temperature mode of the pipeline]. Transport i hranenie nefteproduktov i uglevodorodnogo syr’ja = Petroleum products and hydrocarbon crude transport and storage, 2012, Issue 2. P. 28–30.
18. Askarov G.R. Vlijanie nestabil’nogo temperaturnogo rezhima na korrozionnoe sostojanie gazoprovodov bol’shogo diametra: diss. kand. tehn. nauk [Unstable temperature mode influence on corrosion status of big-inch main gas pipelines: thesis of Candidate of Engineering Science]. Ufa, 2007. 137 pp.
19. Garris N.A., Mironova O.N. Jeffekt formirovanija uluchshennyh kapilljarnyh protokov v korrozionno-aktivnom sloe grunta vokrug gazoprovoda bol’shogo diametra [Effect of the improved meatus forming in the corrosion-active soil layer around the big-inch main gas pipeline] // Neftegazovoe delo = Oil and Gas Engineering, 2008, Vol. 6. P. 112–114.
20. Bakhtegareeva A.N., Garris N.A., Gilvanov V.G. Operativnyj sposob regulirovanija temperatury gaza na vyhode iz kompressornoj stancii [Express method of gas temperature control at the outlet of the compressor station]. Neftegazovoe delo: jelektronnyj nauchnyj zhurnal = Oil and Gas Engineering: electronic scientific journal, 2014, No. 6. Access mode: http://ogbus.ru/issues/6_2014/ogbus_6_2014_p435-449_BakhtegareevaAN_ru.pdf.
21. Mironova O.N., Garris N.A. Nestabil’nyj temperaturnyj rezhim kak obshhaja prichina aktivizacii jelektrohimicheskoj i biologicheskoj korrozii na magistral’nyh gazoprovodah [Unstable temperature mode as general cause of activation of electrical and chemical corrosion at main gas pipelines]. Rassohinskie chtenija: materialy mezhdunarodnogo seminara (6–7 fevralja 2014 g.): V 2-h ch. = Rassokhinskiye Readings: International seminar materials (February 6–7, 2014): In 2 parts, Ukhta: Ukhta State Technological University, 2014, Part 2. P. 240–243.
22. Ott Karl F. Stress-korrozija na gazoprovodah OAO «Gazprom» [Stress corrosion on gas pipelines, Gazprom JSC]. Yugorsk, 2002. 184 pp.
23. Askarov G.R. Issledovanie korrozionnyh uslovij i himicheskogo sostava grunta «gorjachego» uchastka gazoprovoda «Poljana – Moskovo» [Study of corrosion conditions and chemical composition of the soil of the «hot» section of Polyana – Moskovo gas pipeline]. Tezisy dokl. uchebno-prakt. konf. = Summary of the reports of the training and practical conference, Ufa: DesignPolygraphService, 2006. P. 19–20.

For citation:
Garris N.A. Pochemu ne srabatyvaet katodnaja zashhita na gazoprovodah bol’shogo diametra [Why does cathodic protection fail to activate at big-inch gas pipelines?] Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 66–71.

Open PDF

» Intelligent hardware and software systems protect downhole equipment from salt deposits

The intensification of oil production is accompanied by an increase of flooding, the reduction in bottomhole pressure, increased removal of mechanical impurities and other complications, among which it is very important to salt deposition.The article presents the causes and effects of scaling on downhole equipment, it is shown that even a small scale lead to a significant degradation of the characteristics of downhole pumping systems. Analysis of variants of inhibition, clarified that when the ECP is most effective is to use a chemical method to protect dosed injection of scale inhibitors. The concentration of inhibitors, providing effective protection depends on the salinity of formation fluids, water cut and flow rate. It is shown that optimization of protection against scaling using chemicals, you must have accurate and timely information about the well's production. The receipt of such information from standard individual or group metering stations is practically impossible, and therefore the proposed use of the developed intelligent software and hardware. Hardware-software complex consists of intelligent control station installation of ESP and control stations installation of injection of chemical reagents. The options presented to determine the rate wells with intelligent software and hardware systems based on pressure-flow rate and power characteristics. Identified the possibility of using intelligent software and hardware systems determine the flow rate and controlling the supply of chemicals to protect downhole equipment from salt deposits. Presents the results of field testing of systems for determining flow rate and control devices for supplying and dispensing of chemical reagents in the wells, equipped with electrically driven centrifugal pumps for oil extraction.

Keywords: deposition of salts, inhibitors, flow rate, the concentration of the inhibitor, hardware-software systems protect downhole equipment from salt deposits.

Authors:

V.N. Ivanovskiy, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), D.Sc. (Engineering), Department Head, e-mail: ivanovskivn@rambler.ru;
A.A. Sabirov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Head of the Laboratory, e-mail: sabirov@gubkin.ru;
I.N. Gerasimov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Engineer, e-mail: haertsss@rambler.ru;
K.I. Klimenko, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Engineer, e-mail: workgr@mail.ru;
Yu.A. Donskoy, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: ydonskoy@gmail.com;
A.V. Degovtsov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: degovtsov.aleksey@yandex.ru;
S.S. Pekin, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: pekinss@gmail.com

References:

1. Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Donskoy Yu.A., Yakimov S.B. Prognozirovanie kak sposob bor'by s otlozheniem solej v skvazhinah, oborudovannyh jelektrocentrobezhnymi nasosami [Forecasting as a method to protect wells equipped with electric submersible pumps against scaling]., 2009, No. 6, P. 26–29.
2. Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Donskoy Yu.A., Yakimov S.B. Vlijanie rastvorennogo uglekislogo gaza na vypadenie karbonatov pri dobyche nefti s primeneniem jelektrocentrobezhnyh nasosov [Impact of dissolved carbon dioxide on carbonates fall-out when extracting oil using electric submersible pumps] // Neftjanoe hozjajstvo = Oil industry, 2010, No. 1. P. 46–48.
3. Shevchenko S.D., Yakimov S.B., Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Donskoy Yu.A., Bychkov O.A. Razrabotka algoritma rascheta debita neftjanyh skvazhin pri ih jekspluatacii UJeCN [Development of algorithm for flowrate calculation of oil wells during their operation by ESP units]. Oborudovanie i tehnologii dlja neftegazovogo kompleksa = Equipment and technologies for the oil and gas industry, 2013, No. 6. P. 90–92.
4. Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Donskoy Yu.A., Yakimov S.B., Israfilov R.T. Novyj konceptual'nyj podhod k zashhite pogruzhnogo oborudovanija ot soleotlozhenij [New conceptual approach to protection of downhole equipment against scaling]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = NEFTEGAS Territory, 2013, No. 9. P. 12–16.
5. Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Donskoy Yu.A., Gerasimov I.N., Klimenko K.I., Degovtsov A.V., Pekin S.S., Bulat A.V. Intellektualizacija dobychi nefti: novye vozmozhnosti, razrabotki i tendencii [Intellectualization of oil extraction: new opportunities, developments and trends]. Inzhenernaja praktika = Engineering practice, 2014, No. 9. P. 8–11.
6. Ivanovskiy V.N. Innovacionnye razrabotki kak instrument sokrashhenija zatrat na dobychu nefti [Innovative developments as a method to reduce costs of oil extraction]. Inzhenernaja praktika = Engineering practice, 2014, No. 4. P. 24–27.

For citation:
Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Gerasimov I.N., Klimenko K.I., Donskoy Yu.A., Degovtsov A.V., Pekin S.S. Intellektual'nye programmno-apparatnye kompleksy zashhity skvazhinnogo oborudovanija ot otlozhenija solej [Intelligent hardware and software systems protect downhole equipment from salt deposits]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 20–24.

Open PDF

» Selection of the jet pump according to the well parameters in the software complex «Autotechnolog»

The construction of a large number of additional sidetracks small diameter allows to increase the coverage of the productive part of the reservoir, but leads to considerable complications in the oil, if the equipment will be lowered below the depth of drilling of the sidetrack. This option provides the ability to increase the depression on the layer and increase the production of the well. The main problem is the inability to accommodate many types of equipment in the lateral trunks of small diameter standard equipment. This is due to significant diametral and axial dimensions of equipment and high intensity of wear of the columns of rods and tubes. It is shown that for sidetracks small diameter with high rates of drift one of the most acceptable option is the jet pump installation. This is due to the small length and a small diameter borehole part of the installation. Another advantage of the jet pump installations is easy and fast changes in operating performance of the production system. Presents the calculation module software Autotechnology for selection of geometric figures jet pumps, the choice of interval depth for installation of the jet pump and the determination of operational parameters of the system «well – pumping unit». The design of in-situ installation of the jet pump, the composition of the downhole complex definitions of key operating parameters. Given information about the results of operation of the jet pump installed in the well with a side shaft of small diameter at LUKOIL-Perm LLC for more than 15 months. Installing jet pump continues to operate stably in the well with a side shaft of small diameter.

Keywords: jet pump, design block «Jet pump», software complex «Autotechnolog», geometrical parameters jet pump, description jet pump, operation of the jet pump.

Authors:

V.N. Ivanovskiy, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), D.Sc. (Engineering), Department Head, e-mail: ivanovskivn@rambler.ru;
A.A. Sabirov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Head of the Laboratory, e-mail: sabirov@gubkin.ru;
A.V. Degovtsov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: degovtsov.aleksey@yandex.ru;
Yu.A. Sazonov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, e-mail: ysaz60@mail.ru;
S.S. Pekin, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Cand.Sc. (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: pekinss@gmail.com;
K.I. Klimenko, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Engineer, e-mail: workgr@mail.ru;
A.V. Kuzmin, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Engineer, e-mail: workgr@mail.ru

References:

1. Petrov A.Yu., Mikhailov A.G., Litvinenko K.V., Ramazanov R.R. Vybor i oprobovanie sposobov mehanizirovannoj dobychi vysokovjazkoj nefti v uslovijah peskoprojavlenija [Selection and testing of high viscosity oil mechanized production methods under the sand ingress]. SPE 135973.
2. Ivanovski V.N., Pekin S.S., Sabirov A.A. et al. Neftegazpromyslovoe oborudovanie [Oil and gas field equipment]. Moscow, TsentrLitNeftGaz Publ., 2006. 720 pp.
3. Ivanovski V.N., Sabirov A.A. Tehnologii i oborudovanie dlja jekspluatacii malodebitnyh skvazhin [Techniques and equipment for marginal wells]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = NEFTEGAZ Territory, 2014, No. 11. P. 15–18.
4. Tretyakov O.V., Mazein I.I, Usenkov A.V., Merkushev S.V., Kachin Ye.V., Ivanovski V.N., Sabirov A.A., Degovtsov A.V., Sazonov Yu.A., Dubovtsev A.S., Kuznetsov V.V. Opyt jekspluatacii skvazhin s bokovymi stvolami malogo diametra s pomoshh'ju strujnogo nasosa [Operating experience of small diameter branched wells using a jet pump]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = NEFTEGAZ Territory, 2014, No. 5. P. 66–70.

For citation:
Ivanovskiy V.N., Sabirov A.A., Degovtsov A.V., Sazonov Yu.A., Pekin S.S., Klimenko K.I., Kuzmin A.V. Podbor strujnogo nasosa po parametram skvazhiny v programmnom komplekse «Avtotehnolog» [Selection of the jet pump according to the well parameters in the software complex «Autotechnolog»]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No. 4. P. 26–30.

Open PDF

» Problems of gas supply systems on-line modes modeling

The article is dedicated to implementing the process on-line modes modeling in programming and computing suites that are based on using on-line measurements of gas flows parameters (supplied by SCADA-systems) in the model. At the same time the uncertainty of on-line data used as input data for modeling is determined by a number of factors: various inaccuracies (accidental, systematic, abnormal) available in the measured on-line data; unreliability of the data on actual state of the process facilities that are not controlled by SCADA-system, especially in case of crane systems; fragmentary nature of data on gas flows parameters at the modeling system input/output; failures of measuring devices,
data communication network channels and devices, components of the process parameters collecting system; manual entry errors. Presence of these factors requires implementation of special methods for preliminary processing and preparation of on-line data for its subsequent use in the workflow processes calculation models. In particular, methods based on regression smoothing of time-series measurements and subsequent statistical analysis of smoothed values residual errors and measurements are applicable. Another problem is choosing the model (stationary, quasi-stationary, non-stationary) which in each case would adequately reflect on-line workflow process, on the one hand, and would require reasonable computer powers. The approaches proposed to solve the tasks considered are demonstrated by the example of actual modes of the North European gas pipeline modeling.

Keywords: programming and computing suite, gas supply system, on-line mode, modes modeling, model adaptation, model adequacy.

Authors:

Ye.А. Golubyatnikov, postgraduate student of Gas and Oil Pipelines Design and Operation Chair, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: golubyatnikov.e@gubkin.ru;
S.А. Sardanashvili, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of Gas and Oil Pipelines Design and Operation Chair, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: Sardanashvili.S@gubkin.ru

References:

1. Kvasov B.I. Metody izogeometricheskoj approksimacii splajnami [Methods of isogeometric approximation by splines]. Мoscow, Fizmatlit Publ., 2006. 360 pp.
2. Sardanashvili S.А., Samsonova V.V. Metody ocenki adekvatnosti raschetnyh rezhimov sistem gazosnabzhenija [Assessment methods of gas supply systems design modes adequacy]. Gazovaja promyshlennost' = Gas industry, 2013, No. 9. P. 84–88.
3. Sardanashvili S.А. Raschetnye metody i algoritmy (truboprovodnyj transport gaza) [Computational methods and algorithms (pipeline transportation of gas)]. Мoscow, Oil and Gas Publishing house Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 2005. 577 pp.

For citation:
Golubyatnikov Ye.А., Sardanashvili S.А. Problemy modelirovanija on-line rezhimov sistem gazosnabzhenija [Problems of gas supply systems on-line modes modeling]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No. 4. P. 32–37.

Open PDF

» An integrated approach to solve the problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at Gazprom JSC compressor stations pipelines

Modern approaches to the problem of a stress corrosion protection system development are examined for compressor stations (CS) process pipelines during the development of a control system for Gazprom JSC technical condition and gas transportation system integrity. It is noted that a compressor station is one of the most hazardous industrial facilities of Gazprom JSC. The level of the accident risk at the site is mainly determined by the technical condition of the CS process pipelines. Therefore, qualitative diagnostics of process pipelines and input-output flow lines is important for the safety and operational reliability maintenance of such production facility as CS. Currently, pipelines pig inspection (PPI) is the only control and flaws detection method at CS pipelines without pipeline opening and insulation removal. The article shows that the PPI application does not provide full protection of CS pipelines from the SCC processes, and proves the necessity of using a new approach to the SCC issue. An integrated approach to the SCC is suggested. An integrated approach involves the organization of early detection and maintenance of the most dangerous flaws, as well as the organization of control and monitoring systems designed to prevent the occurrence of flaws in pipelines. SCC risk factors analyses are represented for different mechanisms of flaws formation and development. It was determined that the main external factor influencing the SCC crack development during the latent period is the increased level of pipe metal stress-strain state (SSS). The following new developments are represented according to the proposed approach to the SCC issue for CS pipelines: robotized pipelines pig inspection method for CS process pipelines designed for reliable detection of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) flaws, and control (monitoring) system of the stress-strain state for process pipelines, designed to prevent the SCC flaws appearance.

Keywords: industrial safety, integrity management system, hazardous production facility, compressor station, process pipelines, stress-strain state, stress corrosion cracking, pipeline pig inspection, monitoring.

Authors:

A.M. Angalev, Candidate of Science (Engineering), Deputy Director General for Diagnostics, Orgenergogas JSC (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: angalev@oeg.gazprom.ru;
D.S. Butusov, Candidate of Science (Engineering), Director of Orgtechdiagnostika Engineering and Technical Center (ETC), Orgenergogas JSC (Moscow, Russia), e-mail: butusov@oeg.gazprom.ru;
А.V. Topilin, Director General, Orgenergogas JSC, e-mail: topilin@oeg.gazprom.ru

References:

1. Romanov V.V. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie metallov [Metals stress corrosion cracking]. Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye Publ., 1960. 180 pp.
2. Azhogin F.F. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie i zashhita vysokoprochnyh stalej [Stress corrosion cracking and high-strength steels protection]. Moscow,Metallurgiya Publ., 1974. 256 pp.
3. Vasilenko I.I., Melekhov R.K. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie stalej [Steels stress corrosion cracking]. Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publ., 1977.
4. Kanaikin V.A., Matvienko A.F. Razrushenie trub magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Gas pipelines failure]. Yekaterinburg, 1997. 102 pp.
5. Sagaradze V.V, Filippov Y.I, Matvienko A.F., Miroshnichenko B.I. et al. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie austenitnyh i ferrito-perlitnyh stalej [Austenitic and ferritic-pearlitic steels stress corrosion cracking]. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2004. 228 pp.
6. Konakova M.A., Teplinskiy Y.A. Korrozionnoe rastreskivanie pod naprjazheniem trubnyh stalej [Pipe steels stress corrosion cracking]. Saint-Petersburg, 2004. 358 pp.
7. Chuvildeyev V.N. Vlijanie starenija na jekspluatacionnye svojstva stalej magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [The aging influence on the performance characteristics of the gas pipelines steel]. V sb. trudov seminara «Problemy starenija stalej magistral’nyh truboprovodov» [In the Coll. Papers of the seminar «Gas pipelines steels aging issues»]. Nizhniy Novgorod: Universitetskaya kniga, 2006. P. 18–67.
8. Klimov P.V., Gumerov A.K., Kunafin R.N. Issledovanie i razrabotka metodov tormozhenija stress-korrozii na primere magistral’nyh gazoprovodov «Srednjaja Azija – Centr» [Research and development with regard to the stress corrosion retardation methods by the example of the «Central Asia – Center» gas pipelines]. Saint-Petersburg, Nedra LLC, 2011. 228 pp.
9. Miroshnichenko B.I. Starenie gazoprovodov kak faktor stress-korrozionnogo porazhenija trub [Gas pipelines aging as a factor of pipes stress-corrosion damage]. V sb. trudov seminara «Problemy starenija stalej magistral’nyh truboprovodov» [In the Coll. Papers of the seminar «Gas pipelines steels aging issues»]. Nizhniy Novgorod: Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2006. P. 132≠145.
10. Surkov Y.P., Rybalko V.G., Novgorodov D.V., Surkov A.Y., Sadrtinov R.A., Geytsan V.B. Ocenka vozmozhnosti razvitija defektov KRN na truboprovodah kompressornyh stancij [SCC flaws development capability assessment at compressor stations pipelines]. Defektoskopija = NDT, 2010, No. 6. P. 81–92.
11. Nokhrin A.V., Chuvildeyev V.N. Starenie stalej trub magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Gas pipelines steels aging]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo = Bulletin of the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 2010, No. 5 (2). P. 171–180.
12. Abrosimov P.V., Butusov D.S., Perov S.L., Proskuriakov A.M., Shaikhutdinov A.Z. Ocenka predraspolozhennosti trub bol’shogo diametra k razvitiju defektov KRN [Large diameter pipelines disposition assessment to the SCC flaws development]. Gazovaja promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2011, No. 9 (664). P. 25–28.
13. Khasanov R.N., Sultangareyev R.Kh., Kashin A.M., Petrov N.G., Zakharov A.V. Sozdanie i realizacija sistemy monitoringa naprjazhenno-deformirovannogo sostojanija truboprovodov OOO «Permtransgaz», oborudovannyh «intellektual’nymi vstavkami» [Development and implementation of the stressstrain state monitoring system for Permtransgaz LLC pipelines, equipped with «smart inserts»]. Materialy XV Mezhdunarodnoj delovoj vstrechi «Diagnostika-2005» [Materials of the XV International business meeting «Diagnostics 2005»]. Moscow, IPC Gazprom LLC, 2005, Vol. 1. P. 163–167.
14. Yegorov I.F., Petrov N.G., Prokhozhaev O.T., Radchenko A.V., Suslikov S.P., Ivashchenko S.V. Opyt jekspluatacii sistemy monitoringa tehnicheskogo sostojanija potencial’no opasnyh uchastkov gornoj chasti gazoprovoda «Rossija – Turcija» [The experience of the potentially hazardous sites technical condition monitoring system operation for mountainous part of the «Russia – Turkey» gas pipelines]. Materialy XV Mezhdunarodnoj delovoj vstrechi «Diagnostika-2005» [Materials of the XV International business meeting «Diagnostics 2005»]. Moscow, IPC Gazprom LLC, 2005, Vol. 1. P. 180–184.
15. Korolev V.A., Braychenko V.N., Sugak S.I., Malakhov O.V. Kompleksnyj monitoring sostojanija magistral’nyh gazoprovodov OOO «Kuban’gazprom» v zonah s aktivnymi geodinamicheskimi processami [An integrated monitoring of the Kubangazprom LLC gas pipelines state in areas with active geodynamic processes]. Materialy XVI Mezhdunarodnoj delovoj vstrechi «Diagnostika-2006» [Materials of the XVI International business meeting «Diagnostics 2006»]. Moscow, IPC Gazprom LLC, 2006, Vol. 1. P. 251–271.
16. Makhutov N.A., Mitrofanov A.V., Baryshov S.N. Metody monitoringa, ocenki i obespechenija bezopasnogo sostojanija gazohimicheskogo oborudovanija, jekspluatiruemogo v serovodorodosoderzhashhih smesjah [Monitoring, assessment and safe conditions maintenance methods of gas and chemical equipment used in hydrogen sulphide mixtures]. Materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoj delovoj vstrechi «Diagnostika-2007» [Materials of the XVII International business meeting «Diagnostics 2007»]. Moscow, IPC Gazprom LLC, 2007, Vol. 2. P. 63–84.
17. Kontrol’ naprjazhenno-deformirovannogo sostojanija potencial’no opasnyh uchastkov truboprovodov [Stress-strain state monitoring of pipelines potentially hazardous areas]. Gazovaja promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2009, No. 7 (634). P. 90–91.

For citation:
Angalev A.M., Butusov D.S., Topilin А.V. Kompleksnyj podhod k resheniju problemy korrozionnogo rastreskivanija pod naprjazheniem na truboprovodah kompressornyh stancij OAO «Gazprom» [An integrated approach to solve the problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at Gazprom JSC compressor stations pipelines]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 52–60.

Open PDF

» Improvement of roller cone bit with lateral water jet flushing system

It is commonly known [3] that intensity of rock destruction and removal during drilling is largely determined by the field of pressures (stresses) developing in the borehole zone. It is formed due to the joint effect of several factors, such as mechanical impact of the drilling bit cutting structure, hydraulic impact of fluid flows from the well and seam through the borehole and rock pressure. The mechanism of particles detachment and movement in the borehole has an essential role to perform in destruction of rock and its further transportation to annulus. The condition for detachment and successful evacuation of destructed rock particles in confined conditions of the borehole zone is the starting component of the resulting pressure magnitude exerted on particle (removing force) exceeding the retaining force. The latter is determined as the sum of cohesion and friction forces between a particle and rock, mud cake, pressing force and the particle gravity force. During drilling operations, it is possible to affect the balance of retaining and removing forces by varying the following factors: pressure and speed of rock exposure to the cutting structure teeth; differential pressure; pressing force of pressure; dynamic pressure of flush liquid flow on a particle; direction of the flow circulating around a particle; friction forces developing on the surface of a particle when it moves towards annulus.

Keywords: roller cone bit, jet nozzle, flush liquid.

Authors:

D.Yu. Serikov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Assistant Professor, e-mail: serrico@rambler.ru;
V.A. Yasashin, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Professor;
I.K. Bikbulatov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Lead Research Associate;
D.V. Smorkalov, Samara State Technical University (Samara, Russia), PhD Candidate

References:

1. Serikov D.Yu., Smorkalov D.A. Analiz gidrodinamiki raboty prjamozubogo i kosozubogo vooruzhenija sharoshechnyh burovyh dolot [Analyzing the hydrodynamics of operation for spur and helical cutting structures of roller cone bits]. Upravlenie kachestvom v neftegazovom komplekse = Quality management in the oil and gas industry, 2014, No. 3. P. 54–57.
2. Serikov D.Yu., Smorkalov D.A. Sovershenstvovanie central’nogo promyvochnogo uzla trehsharoshechnogo burovogo dolota [Improving the central flushing unit at a three-cone drilling bit]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ = NEFTEGAS Territory, 2014, No. 12. P. 20–26.
3. Yasashin V.A. Povyshenie jeffektivnosti porodorazrushajushhego burovogo instrumenta konstruktorsko-tehnologicheskimi metodami: dokt. dis [Enhancing the efficiency of rock destructing drilling tool using the engineering and design methods: PhD thesis]. Moscow, 2009.
4. Yasashin V.A., Serikov D.Yu., Panin N.M. and others. Promyvochnyj uzel burovogo dolota [Drilling bit washing unit]. RF Invention Patent No. 2492310, published in Bulletin of Inventions No. 25 dated 10.09.2013.
5. Grek Ya., Shidak E. Teorija rangovyh kriteriev [Theory of range criteria]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971.

For citation:
Serikov D.Yu., Yasashin V.A., Bikbulatov I.K., Smorkalov D.A. Sovershenstvovanie sharoshechnogo burovogo instrumenta s bokovoj gidromonitornoj sistemoj promyvki [Improvement of roller cone bit with lateral water jet flushing system] // Territoriya «NEFTEGAZ» – Oil and gas Territory, 2015, No. 4. P. 38–44.

Open PDF

» Special aspects of geological structure and deposits layout in the lower carboniferous (Bobrikovskiy horizon) natural reservoir

The article deals with geological and physical characteristics of producing reservoirs in Bobrikovskiy horizon of Biklyanskoye Oil Field in the Republic of Tatarstan. The field comprises two uplifts – Biklyanskoye and Zaitsevskoye associated with the local uplifts of stage III in the northern slope of the Southern Tatar Arch. These structures have different genesis, and this is confirmed by a set of researches performed in the concerned territory from 1950s and up to present. The paper contains a detailed analysis of seam bulks and oil deposit interbeds. It is stated that the change in the concept of the field geological structure is in direct relation with the number of drilled wells. It was demonstrated by the deposit in the Bobrikovskiy horizon of Biklyanskoye uplift. It is shown that the deposit contour changes as new information is received (geological structure of seams, their lithological and physical characteristics, saturating fluid properties, hydrodynamic well researches) as a result of drilling in time dynamics. There are some results of geological field simulation: maps of porosity and permeability parameters distribution by the producing reservoirs of Biklyanskoye and Zaitsevskoye uplifts. Possible creation of 3D models is compared by the example of two uplifts in the same field with different level of well development. The degree of success in building 3D-models using field and seismic data is shown on the basis of detailed research into the geological structure of deposits in the field Bobrikovskiy horizon. A reliable geological field model of oil deposit can be created on the basis of all available scope of information provided that this deposit has a well network density high enough or seismic researches per linear kilometer. In this case geological and technological activities play into the geological model and are very likely to be confirmed in case of their implementation under the project document.

Keywords: oil bearing capacity, oil deposit, geological and physical characteristics, geological field model, deposit well development, density of well network, reservoir properties.

Authors:

A.V. Lobusev, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Geology and Mineralogy), Professor, Head of Department, Oil and Gas Field Geology;
M.A. Lobusev, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Assistant Professor, Leading Research Associate, Department of Oil and Gas Field Geology;
L.N. Salakhova, TatNIPIneft of Shashin Tatneft JSC (Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia), Candidate of Science (Geology and Mineralogy), Head of Sector, Oil Fields Development Group, e-mail: salakhova@tatnipi.ru

References:

1. Abdullin N.G., Aminov L.Z., Akishev I.M. Zakonomernosti razmeshhenija i uslovija formirovanija zalezhej nefti i gaza Volgo-Ural’skoj oblasti [Oil and gas deposits in the Volga and Urals Region, location pattern and formation conditions]. Vol. III: Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1979. 168 pp.
2. Baishev B.T., Yanin A.N. Research into the special aspects of joint development of seams with close geological and physical characteristics [Issledovanie osobennostej sovmestnoj razrabotki plastov, obladajushhih blizkimi geologo-fizicheskimi harakteristikami]. Povyshenie jeffektivnosti razrabotki neftjanyh i neftegazovyh mestorozhdenij = Enhancement of the efficiency of the oil and oil and gas fields development. Moscow, 1980, Issue 72. P. 62–72.
3. Lobusev A.V., Lobusev M.A., Chupikova I.Z., Bakirov I.M., Salakhova L.N. Sovershenstvovanie geologo-promyslovogo modelirovanija slozhnopostroennyh nizhnekamennougol’nyh zalezhej nefti Tatarstana [Improving the geological and commercial modeling of complex carboniferous deposits of oil in Tatarstan]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2011, No 8. P. 34–39.
4. Lobusev A.V., Lobusev M.A., Bakirov I.M., Salakhova L.N. Osobennosti analiza vyrabotki zapasov iz plastov nizhnekamennougol’nyh zalezhej nefti [Features of the analysis of the development of reserves of the Lower Carboniferous strata deposits of oil]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2012, No 10. P. 34–39.
5. Strakhov P.N., Lobusev A.V., Lobusev M.A. Novyj podhod k ocenke i prognozu produktivnosti neftegazonasyshhennyh porod [A new approach to the evaluation and forecast productivity of oil and gas saturation rock]. Akademicheskij zhurnal Zapadnoj Sibiri = Academic Journal of Western Siberia, 2014, No 2 (51), Vol. 10. P. 45–47.
6. Lobusev A.V. Sistemnye reshenija po povysheniju jeffektivnosti nedropol’zovanija – osnova ustojchivogo vosproizvodstva resursnoj bazy uglevodorodov Rossii [System solutions to improve the efficiency of subsoil – foundation stable reproduction of hydrocarbon resource base Russia]. Analytical Bulletin «O sostojanii geologicheskogo izuchenija nedr i vosproizvodstva mineral’nosyr’evoj bazy» [«On the state geological study subsoil and renewal of the mineral resource base»] (to the government hour within the 355th meeting of the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly Russian Federation on 28 May 2014), 2014, № 16 (534). P. 49–57.

For citation:
Lobusev A.V., Lobusev M.A., Salakhova L.N. Osobennosti geologicheskogo stroenija i razmeshhenija zalezhej v nizhnekamennougol’nom (bobrikovskij gorizont) prirodnom rezervuare [Special aspects of geological structure and deposits layout in the Lower Carboniferous (Bobrikovskiy horizon) Natural Reservoir]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 46–51.

Open PDF

» Calculation of the loading capacity of pan precess gear for a new generation drive of oil and gas eqipment

The majority of drives are based on a screw gear. Operating these drives have identified a number of significant deficiencies in the design of gears such as a low performance coefficient, limited load capacity and significant starting torque make a particular negative impact on the reliability of the drive when operating in low temperature conditions. Alternative is to use the drives based on a pan precess gear. This gear is the basis for a new generation of valve drives. These gears provide high performance coefficient, big gear ratio with multiple contact of teeth in meshing, low starting torque, smooth operation, decrease of specific metal content for the same load capacity. The article considers the problem of determining the load capacity of the pan precess gear with multiple contact of gear tooth. Determination of loading multiple meshing is a task of elimination staticindeterminacy systems with unilateral constraints. The numbers of gear teeth pairs that contact for the loading of an external torque is unknown.The problem of calculating the load distribution within the contact pairs of gear teeth is reduced to solve the equilibrium equation and compatibility equation of strain and transition compatibility. The contact and bending deformation of teeth, the function of the minimum clearances in meshing gear teeth of pan preccess gear are taken into account by solving the second equation. Algorithm for solving the inverse problem of loading capacity is considered. Number of meshing teeth pairs in gear is determined depending on the allowable contact stress. Torque value is set. An example of calculation the loading capacity pan precess gear drive of the ball valve is submitted.

Keywords: precess gear, drive, valve, pipeline, ball valve.

Authors:

V.N. Syzrantsev, Tyumen State Oil and Gas University (Tyumen, Russia), D.Sc. (Engineering), professor, the chief of department «Machinery and equipment of oil and gas industry», e-mail: v_syzrantsev@mail.ru;
A.A. Pazyak, Tyumen State Oil and Gas University (Tyumen, Russia), postgraduate, assistant of professor, department «Machinery and equipment of oil and gas industry», e-mail: a.a.pazyak@gmail.com

References:

1. Nabiev R.M. Chervjachnyj reduktor jelektroprivoda – perezhitok proshlogo ili aktual’naja klassika [Screw gear motor – a relic of the past]. Territorija«NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2010, No. 6. P. 100–102.
2. Goldfarb V.I., Glavatskikh D.V., Trubachev E.S., Kuznetsov A.S., Lukin E.V., Ivanov D.E., Puzanov V.Yu. Spiroidnye reduktory truboprovodnoj armatury[Helical gear-boxes valves]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2011. 222 pp.
3. Patent RF No. 2529943 C1 (RU), F16H 1/32, F04B 47/02, F04C 2/107. Soosnyj reduktor [Coaxial reduction gear]. Authors: Syzrantsev V.N., Wiebe V.P.,Denisov Y.G. Publ. 10.10.2014. Bull. No. 28.
4. Patent RF No. 2419018, MPK F16K31/04, F16K31/53. Jelektroprivod zapornoj armatury [Installing downhole screw pump]. . Authors: Syzrantsev V.N.,Plotnikov D.M., Denisov Y.G., Ratmanov E.V. Publ. 20.09.2008. Bull. No. 26.
5. Syzrantsev V., Golofast S. Drives of Pipelines’ Block Valve based on the Pan Precess Gear. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: A Mechanicaland Mechanics Engineering (USA), 2014, Vol. 14, Issue 2, Version 1.0. P. 15–17.
6. Syzrantsev V.N., Golofast S.L. Privody zapornoj armatury truboprovodov na osnove ploskokonicheskoj precessirujushhej peredachi [Drives of Pipelines’Block Valve based on the Pan Precess Gear]. Nauka i tehnika v gazovoj promyshlennosti = Science and technology in the gas industry, 2014, No. 1. Pp. 64–67.
7. Syzrantsev V.N., Wiebe S.P., Kotlikova V.J. Proektirovanie reduktora s precessirujushhej zubchatoj peredachej [Design of gear with precess gear]. Scientific and technical bulletin of the Volga region = Nauchno-tehnicheskij vestnik Povolzh’ja, 2011, No. 2. P. 53–58.
8. Ayrapetov E.L. Raspredelenie nagruzki mezhdu zub’jami globoidnoj peredachi: kolebanija reduktornyh sistem [Load distribution between the teeth of globoid gear: Oscillations of gear systems]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1980. P. 32–38.

For citation:
Syzrantsev V.N., Pazyak A.A. Raschet nagruzochnoj sposobnosti precessirujushhej ploskokonicheskoj peredachi privodov neftegazovogo oborudovanija [Calculation of the loading capacity of pan precess gear for a new generation drive of oil and gas equipment]. Territorija «NEFTEGAS» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No. 4. P. 108–111.

Open PDF

» Influence of the formation near-wellbore zones contamination on the horizontal well yield

Construction of horizontal wells is one of the ways to reduce cost of oil and gas fields development. Though time and financial costs to construct each separate well increase, their total number decreases, oil and gas yield increases, formation recovery factor grows. Practically only due to the horizontal well it is possible to produce hydrocarbons from low-permeable reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs with high heterogeneity, heavy and high-viscosity oils, high degree depletion fields. However the need to phenomena in the horizontal well more thoroughly study grows. When constructing oil and gas wells yield is the main factor that characterizes quality of works performed. Besides the inflow should be enough for these wells operation to be cost-effective. Thus drilling enterprises pay special attention to quality drilling-in. Nevertheless the formation gets contaminated and it leads to inflow decrease when operated. When drilling wells contamination of the production horizon with drilling mud, its filtrate and solids leads to rock permeability decrease by dozens and even hundreds of times and, as a consequence, the well yield decrease. The contamination takes place as a result of: well-bore damage with solids; formation clays dispersion when interacting with mud filtrate; sediments and emulsion accumulation when interacting with drilling mud and reservoir fluids; increase of the fluid viscosity influenced by polymers in the mud. To forecast the expected well yield it is necessary to study how much the near-well zone contamination can influence the horizontal well yield. Basis for study is already known dependencies for straight wells. Objective achieved: comparative analysis of the values under study for straight and horizontal wells. In the result of work it was found out that the formation near-well zone contamination for straight wells is much higher than for horizontal wells.

Keywords: horizontal well, formation near-well zone, near-well zone contamination, Josh’s equation, plain radial filtration,
linear filtration, Golosov’s formula.

Authors:

T.S. Akbulatov, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (Ufa, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Professor of the Department Oil and gas wells drilling, e-mail: fatihov8@yandex.ru;
R.I. Fatikhov, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (Ufa, Russia), fourth year student, e-mail: fatihov8@yandex.ru;
R.R. Akhayev, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (Ufa, Russia), fourth year student, e-mail: unixru@mail.ru

References:

1. Akbulatov T.O., Khabibullin I.A., Sakayev R.M. Burovaja podzemnaja gidromehanika [Drilling subsurface hydromechanics]: Study guide. Ufa, Ufa State Oil Technical University, 2011.
2. Izmukhanbetov B.S., Agzamov F.A., Akbulatov T.O. Povrezhdenie produktivnyh plastov v processe provodki skvazhiny, metody preduprezhdenija i ustranenija [Damaging of producing formation when drilling the well, methods of prevention and elimination]: Text book. Ufa, Ufa State Oil Technical University, 2004.
3. Borisov Yu.P., Pilatovskiy V.P., Tabakov V.P. Razrabotka neftjanyh mestorozhdenij gorizontal’nymi i mnogozabojnymi skvazhinami [Oil fields development using horizontal and multilateral wells]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1964.
4. Joshi S.D. Augmentation of well productivity with slant and horizontal well. J. of Petrol. Techn. June, 1988. P. 729–739.

For citation:
Akbulatov T.S., Fatikhov R.I., Akhayev R.R. Vlijanie zagrjaznenija okoloskvazhinnyh zon plasta na debit gorizontal’noj skvazhiny [Influence of the formation near-wellbore zones contamination on the horizontal well yield]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 62–64.

Open PDF

» Results of research and efficiency of applying integrated solution for chemical treatment of bottomhole formation zone

Efficiency of conventional acid treatment is considered. Promising trend for inflow intensification in conditions of low-productive formations settings by integration of hydroimpulsive impact on formation with chemical and thermal factors. Efficiency and advantages of this technology are demonstrated. The procedure of well treatment is described in details. It is proved that the technology of fracturing pattern development in the formation well bore zone due to hydraulic impact does not require application of submersible equipment; minimum quantity of equipment is required at the wellhead during well workover. The results of production tests at the producing well, demonstrating the efficiency and high potential of this method, confirmed by the pilot test certificate, are also included. The design of experimental stand for research of hydro-dynamical impact on bottom-hole formation zone is reviewed. Procedure of bench tests is presented. It is established that initiating impact impulses at the well head of the well’s model by a series of short (0.3–0.5 sec.) Openings of pneumatic valve contributes to emerging the hydro-impulse wave front in bottom-hole productive formation zone that depends in terms of its the length and amplitude on the value of initial pressure at the wellhead, depth of the well as well as from the frequency of initiated impulses. The impact wave amplitude increases in direct proportion to the distance from the bottom-hole and reaches its maximum at the distance divisible by 3–4 well depths, after that its attenuation is observed. The results of experimental research on assessment of inhibiting property of non-inogenic and ionogenic surface-active agents in acid composition are presented. It is established that in the framework of our research the best retardant for the capacity of hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid mix is cation-active surface-active agent Sintanol ALM-10. The example of calculation of capacity and hydrodynamic drag on the formation depending on the pressure differential, tubing diameter, well depth and shock-wave speed.

Keywords: drilling, acid treatment, hydrodynamical drag, surface-active agents.

Authors:

N.I. Nikolayev, Gorny National Mineral Resources University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), professor, e-mail: nikinik@mail.ru;
A.V. Shipulin, Gorny National Mineral Resources University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Senior Research Associate, e-mail: avshipulin@mail.ru;
K.S. Kupavykh, Gorny National Mineral Resources University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia), PhD candidate, e-mail: kypavih@yandex.ru

References:

1. Vyzhigin G.V. Povyshenie produktivnosti nizkopronicaemyh karbonatnyh kollektorov izmeneniem struktury porovogo prostranstva [Enhancement productivity of low-permeable carbonate reservoirs by changing the porous network]. Neftjanoe hozjajstvo = Oil facility, 1990, No. 3. P. 37–39.
2. Gavrilenko A.I. Impul’sno-reagentnyj metod vozdejstvija na plast dlja mestorozhdenij RUP «PO «Belorusneft’» [Impulse-chemical method of formation stimulation for Belorusneft Production Association Republican Unitary Enterprise]. Interval, 2007, No. 10. C. 23–28.
3. Kupavykh K.S., Shipulin A.V. Sposob obrabotki prizabojnoj zony skvazhiny [Treatment method for well bottom zone]. RF patent No. 2520115, issue 20.06.2014.

For citation:
Nikolayev N.I., Shipulin A.V., Kupavykh K.S. Rezul’taty issledovanij i jeffektivnost’ primenenija kompleksnoj tehnologii himicheskoj obrabotki prizabojnoj zony plasta [Results of research and efficiency of applying integrated solution for chemical treatment of bottomhole formation zone]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 79–83.

Open PDF

» On accidents forecasting principles improvement at facilities of main gas pipelines of Gazprom JSC

Risk assessment (risk forecasting) as a measure of potential hazard of hazardous production facilities (HPF) operation is the greatest methodological difficulty when creating and ensuring functioning of safety control systems (SCS) operation at Gazprom JSC companies that operate HPF of main gas pipelines. This task arises when developing Safety declarations for safety rationale in case of safety expert review, compulsory insurance of the civil liability for damage in the result of accidents or incidents at HPF, service life extension of the operated facilities, and in many other cases. The main objective of the forecast risk assessment for HPS of main gas pipelines of any hazard class is to provide SCS with the possibility to forecast (and respectively to prevent) unfavourable situations (accidents, incidents) of any type. The risk level is determined by distribution of the accidental value of possible unfavourable situation consequences, e.g. accident. To improve risk-analysis efficiency for HPF of main gas pipelines of Gazprom JSC it is reasonable to improve principles of the accident risk probability forecasting using collected data on accidents and taking into account particular conditions of operation. This article deals with specification of the risk-analysis principles using the mathematical tool of pattern recognition. The developed method of forecasting the most probable type (nature) of the accident is rather universal and can be used not only for accidents forecasting but as advisory (expert) system for more precise determination of the cause and nature of the accident that has already happened in the course of the commission investigation.

Keywords: main gas pipeline, accident, causes, data base, statistics, probability, recognition, forecasting.

Authors:

V.N. Medvedev, Gazprom Gaznadzor LLC (Moscow, Russia), General Director, e-mail: medvedev@gaznadzor.gazprom.ru;
A.B. Dokutovich, Gazprom Gaznadzor LLC (Moscow, Russia), Deputy General Director, Control over Technical Condition of Gas and Oil Facilities, e-mail: dokutovitch@gaznadzor.gazprom.ru;
V.D. Shapiro, Gazprom Gaznadzor LLC (Moscow, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Lead Engineer, Analysis of Production Safety at the Expert and Analytical Department, e-mail: shapiro@gaznadzor.gazprom.ru;
S.V. Kovalenko, Gazprom Gaznadzor LLC (Moscow, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Deputy Head, Analysis of Production Safety at the Expert and Analytical Department, e-mail: kovalenko@gaznadzor.gazprom.ru

References:

1. Gorelik A.L., Skripkin V.A. Metody raspoznavanija [Recognition methods]. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola Publ., 1977.
2. Avarijnost’ i travmatizm na ob’ektah neftegazovogo kompleksa [Accident and injury rate at the oil and gas complex facilities]. Informacionnyj bjulleten’ Federal’noj sluzhby po jekologicheskomu, tehnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru: Specvypusk [Newsletter of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Atomic Supervision Special Issue]. Moscow, Scientific and Technical Center on Safety CJSC, 2013. 83 pp.
3. Fu K. Posledovatel’nye metody v raspoznavanii obrazov i obuchenii mashin [Systematic methods: pattern recognition and machine learning]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971.
4. Berman A.F., Nikolaichuk O.A., Maltuguyeva G.S., Yurin A.Yu. Primenenie precedentnogo podhoda dlja podderzhki prinjatija reshenij pri opredelenii prichin i prognozirovanii incidentov i avarij [Case-approach method to support decision taking when determining causes and forecasting incidents and accidents]. Bezopasnost’ truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational safety in industry, 2014, No. 11. P. 18–23.
5. Spravochnik po prikladnoj statistike [Reference book: applied statistics]. Ed. by E. Lloyd, U. Lederman. Moscow, Finances and statistics Publ., 1990. Vol. 2.
6. Venttsel Ye.S. Teorija verojatnostej [Probability theory]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969. 576 pp.
7. Feller V. Vvedenie v teoriju verojatnostej i ee prilozhenija [Introduction to the probability theory and its application]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1984. Vol. 1.
8. Volkenstein M.V. Jentropija i informacija [Entropy and information]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2006.

For citation:
Medvedev V.N., Dokutovich A.B., Shapiro V.D., Kovalenko S.V. O sovershenstvovanii principov prognozirovanija avarij na ob’ektah magistral’nyh gazoprovodov OAO «Gazprom» [On accidents forecasting principles improvement at facilities of main gas pipelines of Gazprom JSC]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 94–103.

Open PDF

» Enhancing technical level of industrial safety of gas-compressor units at main gas pipelines booster stations

The proposed operational approach may be used for diagnostics of gas-compressor units used for natural gas transfer via main gas pipelines. Gas-compressor units diagnostic system may contain subsystems of parametric, vibration, visual-optic, long life and expert diagnostics of gas-compressor unit condition, connected with the unit that forms the list of parameters of maximum permissible level of gas-compressor unit operation. Methods of enhancing technical and organizational level of gas-compressor units industrial safety taking into account conversion to the system of technical maintenance based on the unit’s actual condition, determined on the basis of the diagnostics information, in particular, information on vibration parameters that provide a sufficiently complete picture of the gas-compressor unit main components technical condition. Diagnostics makes it possible to pass from general assessment of gas-compressor unit operability to determination and forecasting of the condition of all its key components. The provided algorithm for enhancing the technical level of industrial safety refers to the area of measuring instruments and may be used for diagnostics of gas-compressing units used for natural gas transfer via main gas pipelines. For the systems related to production, transport and energy products distribution it is important to manage risk, i.e. keeping it at a level acceptable and supported by economic and social criteria. To solve this task it is required to develop the effective methods and systems of gas-compressor units diagnostics (the most complicated, non-linear and risk generating part of gas-transport system), making it possible to determine the state variables of a gas-compressor unit that indicate critical (emergency) condition and conduct gas-compressor unit maintenance when necessary, thus providing risk management with minimum of financial, technical and time resources.

Keywords: Industrial safety, gas-compressor unit, booster station, main gas pipeline, diagnostics of booster station’s equipment, vibration-based diagnostics.

Authors:

A.M. Korolenok, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), professor, Head of the Structural Engineering and Pipeline Transport Systems Operation Department, e-mail: korolynok.a@gubkin.ru;
Yu.V. Kolotilov, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Professor of Oil Products and Gas Supply Department;
F.G. Tukhbatullin, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Moscow, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Professor of Oil Products and Gas Supply Department

References:

1. STO Gazprom 2-3.5-032-2005. Polozhenie po organizacii i provedeniju kontrolja za sobljudeniem trebovanij promyshlennoj bezopasnosti i obespecheniem rabotosposobnosti obьektov Edinoj sistemy gazosnabzhenija OAO «Gazprom» [Provision on controlling the compliance with the requirements of industrial safety and ensuring operability of facilities of Gazprom JSC Unified gas supply system]. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom, 2005. 15 pp.
2. STO Gazprom 2-3.5-454-2010. Pravila jekspluatacii magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Main gas pipelines operating procedures]. Moscow, Gazprom Expo, 2010. 188 pp.
3. Vladimirov A.I., Garin Yu.R., Kershenbaum V.Ya. et al. Promyshlennaja bezopasnost’ kompressornyh stancij. Upravlenie bezopasnost’ju i nadezhnost’ju [Booster stations industrial safety. Safety and reliability management]. Moscow, National Institute of Oil and Gas, 2008. 633 pp.
4. R Gazprom 2-3.5-438-2010. Raschet teplotehnicheskih, gazodinamicheskih i jekologicheskih parametrov gazoperekachivajushhih agregatov na peremennyh rezhimah [Calculation of heat engineering, gas-dynamic and environmental parameters of gas-compressing units at variable modes]. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of Gazprom, 2010. 76 pp.
5. Zaritskiy S.P. Diagnostika gazoperekachivajushhih agregatov s gazoturbinnym privodom [Diagnostics of gas-compressing units with gas turbine drive]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1987. 198 pp.
6. Kozachenko A.N. Jekspluatacija kompressornyh stancij magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Operation of main gas pipelines booster stations]. Moscow, Oil and Gas Publ., 1999. 463 pp.
7. Baykov I.R., Gallyamov A.K. Matematicheskie modeli v truboprovodnom transporte nefti i gaza [Mathematical models in oil and gas pipeline transport]. Ufa, Ufa Oil Institute (UOI), 1991. 111 pp.
8. Baykov I.R., Kitayev S.V., Talkhin S.R. Principy opredelenija individual’nyh harakteristik gazoperekachivajushhego oborudovanija [Principles of gas compressor equipment individual characteristics identification]. Gazovaja promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2007, No. 9. P. 70–72.
9. Kitayev S.V., Kuznetsova M.I. Razrabotka pokazatelej differenciacii tehnicheskogo sostojanija gazoperekachivajushhih agregatov [Development of gas compressor units technical condition differentiation criteria]. Gazovaja promyshlennost’ = Gas industry, 2014, No. 4 (705). P. 62–64.
10. Kalinin A.F. Raschet, regulirovanie i optimizacija rezhimov raboty gazoperekachivajushhih agregatov [Calculation, control and optimization of gas pumping units operation]. Moscow, MPA-Press, 2011. 264 pp.

For citation:
Korolenok A.M., Kolotilov Yu.V., Tukhbatullin F.G. Povyshenie tehnicheskogo urovnja promyshlennoj bezopasnosti gazoperekachivajushhih agregatov kompressornyh stancij magistral’nyh gazoprovodov [Enhancing technical level of industrial safety of gas-compressor units at main gas pipelines booster stations]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 104–106.

Open PDF

» Technological aspects of butt fusion jointing of pipes made of various polyethylene grades

Butt fusion jointing of polyethylene (PE) pipes is the most important pipe join method in the world’s practice of polymer pipeline construction. Due to polyethylene high popularity as a pipes material, raw material manufacturers are actively developing the manufacture of new PE grades with unique rheological properties, while pipes manufacturers are actively developing the manufacture of extra-large diameters pipes with a large wall thickness. The regulatory system updating with regard to pipes welding methods and welded joints quality control falls behind the manufacture progress. Currently, three basic procedures of PE pipes butt fusion jointing are standardized to the international ISO 21307:2011 and Russian harmonized GOST R 55276-2012 standards. Welded joints visual inspection (VI) methods are standardized by the German DVS 2202-1 regulations and Russian GOST R 54792-2011 standard. Standard butt fusion procedures and VI methods application area does not exactly correspond to the modern variety of PE grades and gradations, as well as walls thicknesses of manufactured polyethylene pipes. Evaluation of pipes material viscosity and elasticity and other a priori fusion conditions is able to justify the choice of a certain butt fusion procedure and possible adjustments of its basic parameters, and will allow differing an eventual welded joint defect identified during VI from the material’s particular rheological properties. Empirical instructions of the welding parameters adjustments have been added by the authors in the GOST R 55276-2012 during its development as a reference annex. Elaboration and legitimization of the instructions requires a series of technological experiments, they have been partially performed by the authors by now.

Keywords: butt fusion procedures, fusion parameters, melt rheology.

Authors:

V.I. Kimelblat, Kazan National Research Technological University (Kazan, Russia), Doctor of Science (Engineering), Professor of the Elastomers Chemistry and Treatment Process Department, e-mail: vkimelblat@yandex.ru;
I.V. Volkov, Kazan National Research Technological University (Kazan, Russia), Candidate of Science (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Elastomers Chemistry and Treatment Process Department;
A.V. Zhukov, ADR-Technology LLC (Moscow, Russia), General Director, е-mail: az@adr-t.ru

References:

1. Kimelblat V.I., Volkov I.V., Prokopiev N.V. Tradicii i novacii v jelektrodiffuzionnoj cvarke [Best practices and innovations in electrodiffusion welding]. Kazan, Kazan National Research Technological University, 2011. 108 pp.
2. Kimelblat V.I. Molekuljarnyj dizajn jekstruzionnyh marok PND s primeneniem special’nyh reologicheskih metodik [High-density polyethylene (HDPE) extrusion grades molecular design with special flow characteristics methods application]. Struktura i dinamika molekuljarnyh sistem: sbornik statej = Molecular systems structure and dynamics: collection of articles. Kazan, Moscow, Ioshkar Ola, Ufa, 2003. Issue X, Part 1. P. 114–117.
3. Kimelblat V.I. Ocenka kachestva svarnyh soedinenij i jekspluatacionnyh harakteristik polimernyh truboprovodnyh sistem [Welded joints and polymer pipeline systems performance characteristics Quality Assessment]. Remont, vosstanovlenie, modernizacija = Repair, rehabilitation, modernization, 2014, No. 11. P. 13–16.
4. Kimelblat V.I., Stoyanov O.V. Polijetilenovye truby bol’shih diametrov: proizvodstvo i jeffektivnoe primenenie [Large diameter polyethylene pipes: manufacture and effective application]. Remont, vosstanovlenie, modernizacija = Repair, rehabilitation, modernization, 2013, No. 2. P. 6–10.
5. ISO 21307:2011. Plastics pipes and fittings – Butt fusion jointing procedures for polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings used in the construction of gas and water distribution systems (MOD).
6. GOST R 55276-2012 (ISO 21307-2011). Truby i fitingi plastmassovye. Procedury svarki nagretym instrumentom vstyk polijetilenovyh (PJe) trub i fitingov, ispol’zuemyh dlja stroitel’stva gazo- i vodoprovodnyh raspredelitel’nyh sistem [Plastics pipes and fittings. Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings used for the gas and water distribution systems construction hot tool butt-welding procedures].
7. ISO 12176–1-2006. Plastics pipes and fittings – Equipment for fusion jointing polyethylene systems. Part 1: Butt fusion (IDT).
8. GOST R 12176-1–2011. Truby i fitingi plastmassovye. Oborudovanie dlja svarki polijetilenovyh sistem. Ch. 1: Svarka nagretym instrumentom vstyk [Plastics pipes and fittings. Polyethylene systems welding equipment. Part 1: Hot tool butt-welding].
9. Website of ADR-Technology LLC. Access mode: http://www.adr-t.ru/support/technology/butt_welding/.
10. Kimelblat V.I., Volkov I.V. Problemy normativno-tehnicheskoj dokumentacii na kontaktnuju svarku polimernyh trub vstyk [Regulatory and technical documentation issued for the polymer pipes contact butt-welding]. Svarka i diagnostika = Welding and diagnostics, 2011, No. 1. P. 58–61.
11. DVS 2202-1:1989. Imperfections in thermoplastic welding joints: features, descriptions, evaluation.
12. GOST R 54792-1–2011. Defekty v svarnyh soedinenijah termoplastov. Opisanie i ocenka [Flaws in thermoplastics welded joints. Description and evaluation].
13. Zaytsev K.I., Matsyuk L.N., Bogdashevskiy A.V. et al. Svarka polimernyh materialov: Spravochnik [Polymer materials welding: Reference book]. Under general editorship of K.I. Zaitsev, L.N. Matsyuk. Moscow, Mechanical Engineering, 1988. 312 pp.
14. Zaytsev K.I. Svarka plastmass pri sooruzhenii ob’ektov neftjanoj i gazovoj promyshlennosti [Plastics welding during the oil and gas industry facilities construction]. Moscow, Nedra, 1984. 224 pp.
15. Kimelblat V.I., Volkov I.V., Chuprak A.I. Variacii reologicheskih svojstv, kak stimul optimizacii osnovnyh parametrov svarki nagretym instrumentom vstyk [Flow characteristics variation as the drive for the hot tool butt-welding basic parameters optimization]. Svarka i diagnostika = Welding and diagnostics, 2012, No. 2. P. 49–52.
16. Volkov I.V., Kimelblat V.I. Rol’ reologicheskih svojstv PJe pri vybore osnovnyh parametrov svarki [PE flow characteristics role during the selection of basic welding parameters]. Vestnik Kazanskogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University, 2011, No. 14. P. 119–123.
17. Volkov I.V., Glukhov V.V., Kamalov A.B., Kimelblat V.I. Svjaz’ pokazatelej svarivaemosti PJe 100 i ego makromolekuljarnoj struktury [PE 100 welding characteristics indicators and its macromolecular structure connection]. Vestnik Kazanskogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University, 2010, No. 10. P. 600–602.
18. Kimelblat V.I., Volkov I.V. Relaksacionnye harakteristiki rasplavov polimerov i ih svjaz’ so svojstvami kompozicij [Polymer melts relaxation characteristics and their relation to the compositions properties]. Kazan, Kazan State Technological University, 2006. 188 pp.
19. Volkov I.V., Mysyak R.S. Kimelblat V.I. Techenie rasplavov novyh marok PND [HDPE new grades melts flow]. Vestnik Kazanskogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University, 2014, No. 17. P. 128–133.

For citation:
Kimelblat V.I., Volkov I.V., Zhukov A.V. Tehnologicheskie osobennosti svarki vstyk trub iz raznyh marok polijetilena [Technological aspects of butt fusion jointing of pipes made of various polyethylene grades]. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2015, No 4. P. 84–89.

Open PDF

Territorija Neftegas № 4 2015

Read in this issue:

Anticorrosive protection

Automation

Diagnosis

Drilling

Geology

Pipeline accessories

Production

Repair and maintenance of wells

Transport, storage and processing of oil and gas

Welding