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СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ НЕФТЕГАЗОПРОВОДОВ (CONSTRUCTION AND OIL-AND-GAS PIPELINES’ OPERATION)

АНАЛИЗ И РАСЧЕТНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ КРИТЕРИЕВ МЕСТНОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ТРУБ ДЛЯ МАГИСТРАЛЬНЫХ ТРУБОПРОВОДОВ ПРИ ИЗГИБЕ

(ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFYING CALCULATIONS OF LOCAL STABILITY CRITERIA FOR MAIN PIPELINES UNDER BENDING)

Как показывает опыт эксплуатации, проектирование подземного магистрального трубопровода, находящегося под воздействием функциональных нагрузок (внутреннее давление транспортируемой среды, изменения температуры) и окружающего грунта, должно включать расчет на местную устойчивость стенки трубы. В то же время приведенные в нормативной документации и научно-технической литературе критерии для критических деформаций при местной потере устойчивости существенно различаются между собой и не в полной мере согласуются с экспериментальными данными.
В статье анализируются имеющиеся критерии местной устойчивости формы поперечного сечения стальных цилиндрических оболочек, применяемые при расчетах на местную устойчивость магистральных трубопроводов при изгибе. Разработана соответствующая расчетная модель. Выполнено численное моделирование местной потери устойчивости при изгибе для широкого диапазона параметров труб и условий нагружения.
На основе обработки полученных результатов сформулирован критерий местной потери устойчивости стенки трубы при действии изгибных нагрузок, уточняющий имеющиеся зависимости. Он предложен для случая отсутствия внутреннего давления, при котором сопротивление трубы местной потере устойчивости минимально.

Operation experience shows that design of underground main pipeline exposed to functional loads (internal pressure of the carried medium, temperature variations) and the loads caused by surrounding soil shall be based on the analysis of pipe wall local stability. However, available standards and scientific engineering literature provide the criteria of the critical strain at local instability that vary considerably and are inconsistent with the experimental data.
The article reviews the available criteria of local stability in the shape of cylindrical steel shell cross-section applied in local stability analyses of main pipelines under bending. An appropriate computational model was developed. Computational simulation of local instability under bending was performed for a wide range of pipe specifications and loading conditions.
Based on the obtained results, the author formulated the criterion of pipe wall local instability under bending loads and clarified the established dependencies. The criterion was defined for the case of no internal pressure, when a pipe’s resistance to local instability is the lowest.

МАГИСТРАЛЬНЫЙ ТРУБОПРОВОД, МЕСТНАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ, УПРУГОПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕФОРМИРОВАНИЕ, ИЗГИБ, КРИТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕФОРМАЦИЯ, ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ

MAIN PIPELINE, LOCAL STABILITY, ELASTIC-PLASTIC STRAIN, BENDING, ULTIMATE STRAIN, COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION

О.В. Трифонов, д.т.н., ООО «Газпром ВНИИГАЗ» (Москва, Россия), O_Trifonov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru

O.V. Trifonov, DSc in Engineering, Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia), O_Trifonov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru

Limam A., Lee L.-H., Corona E., Kyriakides S. Inelastic wrinkling and collapse of tubes under combined bending and internal pressure // Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2010. Vol. 52, No. 5. P. 637–647. DOI: 0.1016/j.ijmecsci.2009.06.008.

Kyriakides S., Ju G.T. Bifurcation and localization instabilities in cylindrical shells under bending – I. Experiments // Int. J. Solids Struct. 1992. Vol. 29, No. 9. P. 1117–1142. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7683(92)90139-K.

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MaCaffrey M.A., O’Rourke T.D. Buried pipeline response to reverse faulting during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake // Proceeding of the PVP Conference. New York, NY, USA: ASME, 1983. Vol. 77. P. 151–159.

O’Rourke T.D., Eeri M., Palmer M.C. Earthquake performance of gas transmission pipelines // Earthquake Spectra. 1996. Vol. 12, No. 3. P. 493–527. DOI: 10.1193/1.1585895.

O’Rourke M.J., Liu X. Response of buried pipelines subject to earthquake effects. Buffalo, NY, USA: MCEER, 1999. 249 p.

Liang J., Sun S. Site effects on seismic behavior of pipelines: A review // J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2000. Vol. 122, No. 4. P. 469–475. DOI: 10.1115/1.1285974.

Eidinger J.M., O’Rourke M., Bachhuber J. Performance of a pipeline at a fault crossing // Proceedings of the 7th US National Conference of Earthquake Engineering. Boston, MA, USA: EERI, 2002. P. 21–25.

Tsai J.-S., Jou L.-D., Lin S.H. Damage to buried water supply pipelines in the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake and a preliminary evaluation of seismic resistance of pipe joints // J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 2000. Vol. 23, No. 4. P. 395–408. DOI: 10.1080/02533839.2000.9670560.

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Vitali L., Bruschi R., Mork K.J., et al. Hotpipe project: Capacity of pipes subjected to internal pressure, axial force and bending moment // Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Golden, CO, USA: ISOPE, 1999. P. 22–33.

Brazier L.G. On the flexure of thin cylindrical shells and other “thin” sections // Proc. R. Soc. A. 1927. Vol. 116, No. 773. P. 104–114. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1927.0125.

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Seide P., Weingarten V.I. On the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under pure bending // J. Appl. Mech. 1961. Vol. 28, No. 1. P. 112–116. DOI: 10.1115/1.3640420.

Fabian O. Collapse of cylindrical, elastic tubes under combined bending, pressure and axial loads // Int. J. Solids Struct. 1977. Vol. 13, No. 12. P. 1257–1270. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7683(77)90099-3.

Li L.-Y. Approximate estimates of dynamic instability of long circular cylindrical shells under pure bending // Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping. 1996. Vol. 67, No. 1. P. 37–40. DOI: 10.1016/0308-0161(94)00073-5.

Jirsa J.O., Lee F.K., Wilhoit J.C., Merwin J.E. Ovaling of pipeline under pure bending // Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, TX, USA: OTC, 1972. Article ID OTC-1569-MS. DOI: 10.4043/1569-MS.

Sherman D.R. Tests of circular steel tubes in bending // J. Struct. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1976. Vol. 102, No. 11. P. 2181–2195. DOI: 10.1061/JSDEAG.0004478.

Reddy B.D. An experimental study of the plastic buckling of circular cylinders in pure bending // Int. J. Solids Struct. 1979. Vol. 15, No. 9. P. 669–683. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7683(79)90066-0.

Gellin S. The plastic buckling of long cylindrical shells under pure bending // Int. J. Solids Struct. 1980. Vol. 16, No. 5. P. 397–407. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7683(80)90038-4.

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Kyriakides S., Shaw P.K. Inelastic buckling of tubes under cyclic bending // J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 1987. Vol. 109, No. 2. P. 169–178. DOI: 10.1115/1.3264891.

Schaumann P., Keindorf C., Brüggemann H. Elasto-plastic behavior and buckling analysis of steel pipelines exposed to internal pressure and additional loads // Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (ASME 2005). Halkidiki, Greece: ASME, 2008. Vol. 3. P. 521–529. DOI: 10.1115/OMAE2005-67303.

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Limam A, Lee L-H, Corona E, Kyriakides S. Inelastic wrinkling and collapse of tubes under combined bending and internal pressure. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2010; 52(5): 637–647. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.ijmecsci.2009.06.008.

Kyriakides S, Ju GT. Bifurcation and localization instabilities in cylindrical shells under bending – I. Experiments. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1992; 29(9): 1117–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(92)90139-K.

Limam A, Lee L-H, Corona E, Kyriakides S. Plastic buckling and collapse of tubes under bending and internal pressure. In: ASME ASME 2008: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 15–20 June 2008, Estoril, Portugal. Estoril, Portugal: ASME; 2008. p. 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2008-57986.

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MaCaffrey MA, O’Rourke TD. Buried pipeline response to reverse faulting during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. In: ASME Proceeding of the PVP Conference. Vol. 77, June 1983, Portland, OR, USA. Portland, OR, USA: ASME, 1983. p. 151–159.

O’Rourke TD, Eeri M, Palmer MC. Earthquake performance of gas transmission pipelines. Earthquake Spectra. 1996; 12(3): 493–527. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585895.

O’Rourke MJ, Liu X. Response of Buried Pipelines Subject to Earthquake Effects. Buffalo, NY, USA: MCEER; 1999.

Liang J, Sun S. Site effects on seismic behavior of pipelines: A review. J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 2000; 122(4): 469–475. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1285974.

Eidinger JM, O’Rourke M, Bachhuber J. Performance of a pipeline at a fault crossing. In: EERI Proceedings of the 7th US National Conference of Earthquake Engineering, 21–25 July, 2002, Boston, MA, USA. Boston, MA, USA: EERI; 2002. p. 21–25.

Tsai J-S, Jou L-D, Lin SH. Damage to buried water supply pipelines in the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake and a preliminary evaluation of seismic resistance of pipe joints. J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 2000; 23(4): 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2000.9670560.

Trifonov OV, Cherniy VP. Fault impact on buried steel pipelines: Modeling and analysis. In: Petrova VM (ed.) Advances in engineering research. Vol. 7. New York, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers; 2013. p. 47–89.

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Li HL. Development and application of strain based design and anti-large-strain pipeline steel. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum. 2008; 27(2): 19–25.

Dorey AB, Murray DW, Cheng JJR. Critical buckling strain equations for energy pipelines – A parametric study. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. 2006; 128(3): 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2199561.

Vitali L, Bruschi R, Mork KJ, Levold E, Verleyet R. Hotpipe project: Capacity of pipes subjected to internal pressure, axial force and bending moment. In: ISOPE Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 30 May – 4 June, 1999, Brest, France. Golden, CO, USA: ISOPE; 1999. p. 22–33.

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Fabian O. Collapse of cylindrical, elastic tubes under combined bending, pressure and axial loads. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1977; 13(12): 1257–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(77)90099-3.

Li L-Y. Approximate estimates of dynamic instability of long circular cylindrical shells under pure bending. Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping. 1996; 67(1): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(94)00073-5.

Jirsa JO, Lee FK, Wilhoit JC, Merwin JE. Ovaling of pipeline under pure bending. In: OTC Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, 30 April – 2 May, 1972, Houston, TX, USA. Houston, TX, USA: OTC; 1972. article ID OTC-1569-MS. https://doi.org/10.4043/1569-MS.

Sherman DR. Tests of circular steel tubes in bending. J. Struct. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 1976; 102(11): 2181–2195. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0004478.

Reddy BD. An experimental study of the plastic buckling of circular cylinders in pure bending. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1979; 15(9): 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(79)90066-0.

Gellin S. The plastic buckling of long cylindrical shells under pure bending. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1980; 16(5): 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(80)90038-4.

Bushnell D. Elastic-plastic bending and buckling of pipes and elbows. In: Noor AK, McComb HG, JR (eds.) Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Methods in Nonlinear Structural and Solid Mechanics, 6–8 October, 1980, Washington DC, USA. New York, NY, USA: Pergamon Press; 1981. p. 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-027299-3.50032-7.

Calladine CR. Plastic buckling of tubes in pure bending. In: Thompson JMT, Hunt GW (eds.) Collapse, the buckling of structures in theory and practice: Proceedings of the Symposium, 31 August – 3 September 1982, London, UK. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1983. p. 111–124.

Kyriakides S, Shaw PK. Inelastic buckling of tubes under cyclic bending. J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 1987; 109(2): 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3264891.

Schaumann P, Keindorf C, Brüggemann H. Elasto-plastic behavior and buckling analysis of steel pipelines exposed to internal pressure and additional loads. In: ASME ASME 2005 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. Vol. 3, 12–17 June, 2005, Halkidiki, Greece. Halkidiki, Greece: ASME; 2008. p. 521–529. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2005-67303.

Ju GT, Kyriakides S. Bifurcation and localization instabilities in cylindrical shells under bending – II. Predictions. Int. J. Solids Struct. 1992; 29(9): 1143–1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(92)90140-O.

Peek R. Wrinkling of tubes in bending from finite strain three-dimensional continuum theory. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2002; 39(3): 709–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00091-9.

Tvergaard V, Needleman A. Buckling localization in a cylindrical panel under axial compression. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2000; 37(46–47): 6825–6842. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00316-9.

Stephens DR, Olson RJ, Rosenfeld MJ. Pipeline monitoring: Limit state criteria. American Gas Association. Report No.: NG-18-188, 1991.

Dorey AB, Murray DW, Cheng JJR. An experimental evaluation of critical buckling strain criteria. In: ASME Proceedings of the 3rd International Pipeline Conference. Vol. 1, 1–5 October, 2000, Calgary, Canada. Calgary, Canada: ASME; 2000. article ID IPC2000-110. https://doi.org/10.1115/IPC2000-110.

Wierzbicki T, Sinmao MV. A simplified model of Brazier effect in plastic bending of cylindrical tubes. Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping. 1997; 71(1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-0161(96)00018-X.

Liu M, Wang Y-Y, Zhang F, Kotian K. Realistic strain capacity models for pipeline construction and maintenance. Center for Reliable Energy Systems. Report No.: CRES-2010-J03-01, 2013.

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