(OXYGEN-FREE CONVERSION OF METHANE FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION: CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT)
In the last decade, the production of hydrogen gas has been seen as a promising way to use and store electrical energy, obtained primarily from renewable sources, and hydrogen itself as an environmentally friendly fuel for vehicles. Oxygen-free conversion, or pyrolysis, of natural gas (methane) is one of the most efficient ways to produce hydrogen on an industrial scale. At the same time, pyrolysis can ensure low direct emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. At present, undoubtedly topical developments of industrial processes of oxygen-free conversion of methane are still at the level of laboratory research. These studies are conducted at pressures, as a rule, not exceeding atmospheric, and mainly abroad, and their results are still quite far from widespread practical implementation in production.
The review considers and examines mainly foreign studies of promising approaches to oxygen-free methane conversion, seeking to clarify the fundamental physical and chemical aspects of the development and testing of new technologies for pyrolysis of natural gas. These approaches include thermal, plasma, and gas phase catalytic pyrolysis, melt pyrolysis, and pyrolysis by optical radiation heating of the gas. The considered approaches make it possible to obtain the so-called turquoise hydrogen with a relatively small amount of carbon in the solid phase, which is easier to separate from the resulting gaseous product than carbon dioxide, and which can be used in industry. The article provides quantitative characteristics, including the efficiency, of the mentioned methane conversion methods, as well as discusses the advantages and limitations of these methods.
I.V. Arsentiev, Central Institute of Aviation Motors (Moscow, Russia), ivarsentev@ciam.ru
V.D. Kobtsev, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, kobtsev.vitaly@phystech.edu
D.N. Kozlov, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia), dnk@kapella.gpi.ru
V.V. Smirnov, DSc in Physics and Mathematics, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, vvs@kapella.gpi.ru
A.V. Geliev, PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, avgeliev@ciam.ru
A.N. Varyukhin, PhD in Engineering, Central Institute of Aviation Motors, anvaryukhin@ciam.ru
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