УДК 620.165-034.1::546.11
(UDK 620.165-034.1::546.11)
(ANALYSIS OF EXISTING HYDROGEN CHARGING TECHNIQUES AND STEEL SPECIMEN TESTING FOR HYDROGEN EXPOSURE)
The paper considers the main laboratory techniques for hydrogen charging of steels as materials for compressed hydrogen storage and transportation equipment. It is noted that the electrochemical method is the most common as it is simple and effective and allows imitating of various stress states of the metal during hydrogen exposure. The literature review of the operating media for electrolytic charging concludes that both alkaline and acidic media can be used as electrolytes. In this case, the dissolved hydrogen content in steel depends on the electrolyte’s pH and reaches its maximum within the range of 2–5, i.e., when using acidic solutions.
The charging efficiency can be improved by adding special agents – promoters – to the electrolyte. They accelerate the absorption of hydrogen atoms by the metal, though each promoter is only effective in a specific pH range. Sulfur (Na2S), selenium (Na2SeO3), tellurium (Na2TeO4), phosphorus (Ca3P2), and arsenic (As2O3) compounds serve as promoters, with the charging effect enhancing as follows: S > P > Se > Te > As. It is noted that the most effective promoter, sulfur within Na2S, is only feasible to introduce into electrolytes at concentrations up to ~ 60 μg/ml. After exceeding this value, the dissolved hydrogen content in steel no longer increases.
References are given for publications describing the existing test techniques for investigating the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels. These techniques are roughly divided into two groups. The first group includes the techniques where specimens charged in advance are tested in the air, while the second one is for those tested directly in the hydrogen environment.
I.U. Latipov, Saint Petersburg Mining University (Saint Petersburg, Russia), latipoviu@gmail.com
A.O. Sherstneva, Saint Petersburg Mining University, annatilsit@yandex.ru
G.G. Popov, PhD in Engineering, Saint Petersburg Mining University, genrih-91@mail.ru
V.I. Bolobov, DSc in Engineering, Professor, Saint Petersburg Mining University, boloboff@mail.ru
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