НЕФТЕПРОМЫСЛОВАЯ ХИМИЯ

ОБЗОР ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ НЕФТЕОТДАЧИ

(REVIEW OF POLYMER SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY)

На фоне устойчивого роста доли трудноизвлекаемых запасов и обводненности разрабатываемых месторождений возникает необходимость внедрения современных эффективных способов добычи. Для месторождений, перешедших на позднюю стадию разработки, характерно применение методов увеличения нефтеотдачи, среди которых выделяют гидродинамические, физические, газовые, тепловые и химические. Последние направлены на повышение коэффициента вытеснения и охвата пласта и предполагают закачку в пласт агентов, обладающих высокой поверхностной активностью или вязкостью, сравнимой с нефтью. Особый интерес представляет полимерное заводнение, которое снижает подвижность воды за счет растворения в ней высокомолекулярного полимера, что увеличивает охват пласта заводнением. Широкому распространению метода препятствуют ограничения, связанные с пластовой температурой, минерализацией воды, наличием в ней солей кальция и магния, а также другими факторами, оказывающими влияние на структуру полимера и снижающими его концентрацию.
В работе приведен обзор используемых полимерных систем с акцентом на их преимущества и недостатки. Описаны факторы снижения вязкости полимерного раствора и методы борьбы с ними, направленные на повышение концентрации или модификацию структуры полимера. На основе анализа научных публикаций сделано заключение об эффективности существующих решений, отмечены особенности их применения и недостаточная изученность свойств усовершенствованных систем по сравнению с широко используемым полиакриламидом. Кроме того, рассмотрены перспективные технологии для полимерного заводнения: добавление наночастиц в полимерный раствор и пролонгированное повышение вязкости за счет инкапсулирования нефтевытесняющего агента.

Against the background of a steady increase in the share of difficult-to-recover reserves and the water cut of fields under development, there is a need to implement advanced and efficient production methods. Fields that have entered the late stage of development are typically subjected to Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, which are classified into hydrodynamic, physical, gas, thermal, and chemical methods. The latter are aimed at increasing both the displacement efficiency and the sweep efficiency of the reservoir; they involve injecting chemical agents into the formation, which have high surface activity or viscosity comparable to that of oil. Polymer flooding is of particular interest, since it reduces water mobility through the dissolution of a high-molecular-weight polymer in water, which increases reservoir sweep efficiency by waterflooding. The widespread adoption of this method is hindered by constraints related to reservoir temperature, water salinity, the presence of calcium and magnesium salts, as well as other factors that affect the polymer structure and reduce its concentration.
The authors review the polymer systems in use, with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. The paper describes the factors that reduce polymer solution viscosity and methods to counteract them aimed at increasing the concentration or modifying the polymer structure. Based on an analysis of scientific publications, a conclusion is drawn regarding the efficiency of existing solutions; the specifics of their application are noted, along with the insufficient study of the properties of improved systems as compared with the widely used polyacrylamide. In addition, promising technologies for polymer flooding are considered: the addition of nanoparticle to the polymer solution and prolonged viscosity enhancement through encapsulation of the oil-displacing agent.

ТРУДНОИЗВЛЕКАЕМЫЕ ЗАПАСЫ (ТРИЗ), МЕТОД УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ НЕФТЕОТДАЧИ (МУН), ПОЛИМЕРНОЕ ЗАВОДНЕНИЕ, ПОЛИМЕР, ДЕСТРУКЦИЯ ПОЛИМЕРА

DIFFICULT-TO-RECOVER RESERVES (DTR), ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR), POLYMER FLOODING, POLYMER, POLYMER DEGRADATION

А.А. Папушкина1
В.Р. Ким1
А.В. Замрий1
С.В. Антонов2
М.А. Варфоломеев3

1 Межотраслевой экспертно-аналитический центр Союза нефтегазопромышленников России (Москва, Россия).
2 ФГБУН «Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Российской академии наук» (Москва, Россия).
3 ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет» (Казань, Россия).

A.A. Papushkina1
V.R. Kim1
A.V. Zamriy1
S.V. Antonov2
M.A. Varfolomeev3

1 Intersectoral Expert and Analytical Center of the Union of Oil and Gas Industrialists of Russia (Moscow, Russia).
2 Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia).
3 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (Kazan, Russia).

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Druetta P, Raffa P, Picchioni F. Chemical enhanced oil recovery and the role of chemical product design. Appl. energy. 2019; (252): article ID 113480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113480.

Ibatullin RR, Gaffarov ShK, Khisametdinov MR, Minikhairov LI. Review of world polymer flooding EOR projects. Oil Industry. 2022; (7): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2022-7-32-37. (In Russian)

Gathier F, Rivas C, Lauber L, Antoine T. Offshore polymer EOR injection philosophies, constrains and solutions. In: SPE Proceedings of SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, 31 August – 4 September 2020, virtual. article ID SPE-200368-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/200368-MS.

Seright RS, Wang D. Polymer flooding: Current status and future directions. Pet. Sci. 2023; 20(2): 910–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petsci.2023.02.002.

Kamal MS, Sultan AS, Al-Mubaiyedh UA, Hyssein IA. Review on polymer flooding: Rheology, adsorption, stability, and field applications of various polymer systems. Polym. Rev. 2015; 55(3): 491–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2014.982821.

Tan H, Tam KC, Tirtaatmadja V, Jenkins RD, Bassett DR. Extensional properties of model hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble associative (HASE) polymer solutions. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2000; 92(2–3): 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0257(00)00093-8.

Zhu Y, Lei M, Zhu Z. Development and performance of salt-resistant polymers for chemical flooding. In: SPE Proceedings of the SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, 8–11 March 2015, Manama, Bahrain. Manama, Bahrain; 2015. article ID SPE-172784-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/172784-MS.

Li X, Zhang F, Liu G. Review on polymer flooding technology. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2021; 675(1): article ID 012199. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/675/1/012199.

Cao X, Ji Y, Shu Y, Zhao F. Research advance and technology outlook of polymer flooding. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development. 2020; 10(6): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.06.002.

Levitt DB, Pope GA. Selection and screening of polymers for enhanced-oil recovery. In: SPE Proceedings of the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, 20–23 April 2008, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA: SPE, 2008. article ID SPE-113845-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/113845-MS.

Salem KG, Salem AM, Tantawy MA, Gawish AA, Gomaa S, El-Hoshoudy AN. A comprehensive investigation of nanocomposite polymer flooding at reservoir conditions: New insights into enhanced oil recovery. J. Polym. Environ. 2024; 32(11): 5915–5935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03336-z.

Hou J, Liu Y, Wei B, Cao X, Sun J, Du Q, et al. Capsule polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Petroleum Exploration and Development. 2024; 51(5): 1261–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60539-8.

Gong J, Wang Y, Cao X, Yuan F, Ji Y. Synthesis and the delayed thickening mechanism of encapsulated polymer for low permeability reservoir production. J. Mol. Liq. 2022; (360): article ID 119394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119394.

Wu Y, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Jiang X, Hou J, Wei B. TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofiber-reinforced sodium alginate encapsulated poly(acrylamide) microcapsules and its releasing behaviours for enhancing oil recovery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2024; 281(2): article ID 135707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135707.

Tamsilian Y, Ramazani SA, Shaban M, Ayatollahi S, de la Cal JC, Sheng JJ, et al. Nanostructured particles for controlled polymer release in enhanced oil recovery. Energy Technol. 2016; 4(9): 1035–1046. https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600036.

Firozjaii AM, Saghafi HR. Review on chemical enhanced oil recovery using polymer flooding: Fundamentals, experimental and numerical simulation. Petroleum. 2020; 6(2): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2019.09.003.

Gbadamosi AO, Junin R, Manan MA, Agi A, Yusuff AS. An overview of chemical enhanced oil recovery: Recent advances and prospects. Int. Nano Lett. 2019; (9): 171–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-019-0272-8.