(EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AT HYDRO- AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA)
Производство водорода – хорошо изученный и широко применяющийся на практике технологический процесс. Существенная часть производимого в мире водорода используется в нефтепереработке и нефтехимии, особенно в гидрогенизационных процессах. Однако в качестве сырья для основной массы производимого в мире водорода используются элементы органического топлива, такие как уголь, нефть и природный газ, а побочными продуктами газификации являются оксиды углерода и азота, сероводород, аммиак, легкие углеводороды, смолы, шлаки и т. д., что делает процессы производства водорода из органики экологически грязными. То же можно сказать и о производстве водорода методом электролиза воды с использованием электроэнергии, вырабатываемой на тепловых станциях, использующих органическое топливо. Кроме того, использование органического топлива в качестве сырья для производства водорода не позволяет считать водородную энергетику возобновляемой, поскольку запасы органического топлива в мире ограничены.
Таким образом, водородная энергетика может считаться экологически чистой и возобновляемой только в случае, если сырьем для производства водорода будет вода, запасы которой в мире практически бесконечны, а способом производства – электролиз воды с использованием электроэнергии, получаемой из экологически чистых источников энергии, таких как возобновляемые источники энергии и атомная энергия.
В статье приведены результаты исследования по оценке потенциала экологически чистых методов производства «зеленого» и «желтого» водорода на электролизерах с использованием электрической энергии, вырабатываемой на гидроэлектростанциях и атомных электростанциях России.
Hydrogen production is a well-studied and widely used technological process. A significant part of the hydrogen produced worldwide is used in oil refining and petrochemicals, especially in hydrogenation processes. However, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are used as raw materials for most of hydrogen produced in the world, while byproducts of gasification are carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, light hydrocarbons, resins, slags, etc., that makes hydrogen production processes from organics environmentally dirty. The same can be said about the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity generated at thermal power plants using fossil fuels. In addition, the use of fossil fuels as a raw materials for hydrogen production does not allow to consider hydrogen energy as a renewable, because the reserves of fossil fuels in the world are limited.
Thus, hydrogen energy can be considered ecologically friendly and renewable only if the raw material for hydrogen production is water, the reserves of which are almost unlimited in the world, and the method of hydrogen production is water electrolysis using electricity obtained from environmentally friendly energy sources, such as renewable energy sources and nuclear energy.
The article presents the results of the potential assessment of environmentally friendly methods of "green" and "yellow" hydrogen production on electrolyzers using electricity generated at hydropower plants and nuclear power stations in Russia.
A.S. Chashkov1, e-mail: anatoly.chashkov@yandex.ru
A.E. Dovgilov1, e-mail: alex-dovgilov99@yandex.ru
R.D. Mingaleeva1, e-mail: mingaleeva.r@gubkin.ru
V.V. Bessel1, 2, e-mail: vbessel@nt-serv.com
1 Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution for Higher Education “Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University)” (Moscow, Russia).
2 NewTech Services LLC (Moscow, Russia).
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