УДК 620.18/.9+622.69
(UDK 620.18/.9+622.69)
(THE MAIN CAUSES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL FAILURE IN ARCTIC CONDITIONS)
Объекты добычи, транспортировки, переработки и хранения нефти и газа Республики Саха (Якутия) построены и функционируют в условиях Арктики, где ликвидация последствий аварий требует значительных материальных и временных ресурсов. Авторы статьи принимали участие в расследовании причин произошедших на территории Республики Саха (Якутия) в 2006–2020 гг. аварий на магистральных газопроводах, резервуарах и металлоконструкциях. В статье рассмотрены основные причины разрушения магистральных газопроводов, в т. ч. коррозионные повреждения на подземных трубопроводах, возникшие в результате длительной эксплуатации, нарушения технологии изготовления труб (дефекты изготовления), а также образование участков с непроектным положением трубопроводов вследствие деградации многолетнемерзлых грунтов. Кроме того, проанализированы причины разрушения таких крупногабаритных металлоконструкций, как резервуары для хранения нефтепродуктов и башни ветроэнергетических установок. Отмечено, что в случае крупногабаритных металлоконструкций к числу основных причин разрушения относятся образование усталостных трещин и неравномерная осадка основания.
Oil and gas production, transportation, processing and storage facilities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are built and operate in Arctic conditions, where elimination of accident consequences requires significant material and time resources. The authors of the article took part in the investigation of the causes of accidents on trunk pipelines, reservoirs and metal constructions in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2006–2020. The main reasons for destruction of gas mains including corrosion damages of underground pipelines caused by long-term operation, breaches of pipe manufacturing technology (manufacturing defects), as well as formation of non-project pipeline sections due to degradation of permafrost soils are discussed in the article. In addition, the causes of failure of such large metal structures as oil storage tanks and towers of wind power plants have been analysed. It is noted that in the case of large steel structures the main causes of failure include the formation of fatigue cracks and uneven settlement of the foundation.
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